There are a variety of financial aid sources for doctoral students, including fellowships awarded by the university to outstanding graduate students and government-funded awards under the Graduate Assistance in Areas of National Need (GAANN) program. Scholarships established by alumni and supporters contribute to Ph.D. departmental aid packages (for example, the Margaret Griffin Coffin Scholarship and the Sarah Reed Scholarship). Qualified Ph.D. students may apply for the Clayton A. Shepherd Scholarship. SLIS also provides support to Ph.D. students in the form of graduate assistantships and other direct aid. Teaching opportunities are often available. International students are required by the University Graduate School to demonstrate financial independence before being admitted to the program. Questions should be directed to the director of the SLIS doctoral program.