All courses are preceded by the abbreviation “NURS.” The number of credit hours is indicated in parentheses following the course title. The abbreviation “P” refers to the course’s prerequisite(s); “C” refers to corequisite(s).
- NURS-B 234 Promoting Healthy Populations (4 cr.) C: NURS-B 235. (Traditional) This course focuses on preventative health care and health promotion in individuals, families, and communities, considering the influence of culture and lifespan development. Using biophysical, environmental, sociocultural and economic determinants of health, students focus on improving health outcomes with individuals, families, and communities.
- NURS-B 235 Health Populations Practicum (1 cr.) C: NURS-B 234. (Traditional) Students assess individuals, families, and communities, providing needed education, preventative services, and support. Students provide individual and population based care in community based settings, giving consideration to the perspective of those being served.
- NURS-B 237 Promoting Healthy Populations for Second Degree (3 cr.) (Accelerated) This course for second degree students focuses on preventative health care and health promotion in individuals, families, and communities, considering the influence of culture and lifespan development. Using biophysical, environmental, sociocultural and economic determinants of health, students focus on improving health outcomes with individuals, families, and communities.
- NURS-B 244 Comprehensive Health Assessment (3 cr.) P: or C: Anatomy, Physiology, or Microbiology. C: NURS-B 245. This course focuses on helping students acquire skills to conduct a comprehensive health assessment, including the physical, psychological, social, functional, and environmental aspects of health. The process of data collection, interpretation, documentation, and dissemination of assessment data will be addressed.
- NURS-B 245 Comprehensive Health Assessment:Practicum (2 cr.) C: NURS-B 244. (Traditional / Accelerated) Students will have the opportunity to use techniques of interview, observation, percussion, palpation, inspection, and auscultation in assessing clients across the life span in simulated and actual environments.
- NURS-B 247 Comprehensive Health Assessment for Second Degree (3 cr.) C: NURS-B 245. (Accelerated) This second degree course focuses on helping students acquire skills to conduct a comprehensive health assessment, including the physical, psychological, social, functional, and environmental aspects of health. The process of data collection, interpretation, documentation, and dissemination of assessment data will be addressed.
- NURS-B 253 Professionalism in Collaborative Practice (3 cr.) (Traditional, Accelerated)Students practice communication skills for working with health team members and clients, including self-awareness, interpersonal communication, team skills, and technological communication. Students are introduced to the scope and standards of nursing practice, roles of health team members, and components of professional practice. Students are introduced to leadership and ethical standards.
- NURS-B 260 Fundamentals of Nursing Practice (5 cr.) P: Anatomy, Physiology. C: NURS-B 261. (Traditional, Accelerated) This course focuses on the fundamentals of nursing from a theoretical, evidence base. Students will gain a knowledge base for, and have an opportunity to apply, fundamental nursing concepts, skills and the nursing process. The evidence based knowledge gained forms a basis for clinical reasoning and decision making as students develop their nursing skills.
- NURS-B 261 Pathophysiology and Pharmacology for Nursing Practice (4 cr.) P: Anatomy, Physiology. C: NURS-B 260. (Traditional, Accelerated) This course provides a foundation in the pathophysiology of key disease processes and pharmacological therapies. Principles of pathophysiology and pharmacology are presented in an integrated manner to provide a basis for study of selected medications that are used to treat or manage diseases with an application to nursing practice.
- NURS-B 334 Transitional Care of Families and Populations (5 cr.) (Traditional, Accelerated) Using the childbearing family as an extensive exemplar, this course focuses on family and community health: community assessment, epidemiology, and intervention with individuals, families, communities and populations. Students address prenatal care, normal and high risk pregnancy and childbirth, newborn care, genetic counseling, care coordination, complementary care, and environmental health.
- NURS-B 444 Managing Health and Illness across Care Environments (5 cr.) P: B334
(Traditional) Students study a focused clinical area of concern for nursing, exploring the ways in which culture, health disparity, transitions between care environments, and health policy impact care for an aggregate, population, or specialty. Immersed in a care environment, students gain relevant clinical knowledge as well as an understanding of the aggregate health concerns.
- NURS-B 445 Managing Health and Illness across Care Environments (3 cr.)
(Accelerated) Second degree students explore the ways in which culture, health disparity, transitions between care environments, and health policy impact care for an aggregate, population, or specialty. Students gain relevant nursing knowledge as well as an understanding of the aggregate health concerns.
- NURS-H 303 Pediatric Clinical Immersion (1 cr.) (Traditional) This clinical course addresses the specific needs of the pediatric population who are experiencing acute and chronic health problems using a patient and family centered approach. Emphasis will be placed on growth and development, family centered care, and the inter-professional approach to the care of this complex population.
- NURS-H 355 Data Analysis for Practice and Research (3 cr.)
(Traditional) This course introduces nursing and other health sciences students to the basic concepts and techniques of data analysis needed in professional health-care practice. Principles of measurement, data summarization, and univariate and bivariate statistics are examined. Differences in types of qualitative data and methods by which these types of data can be interpreted are also explored. Emphasis is placed on the application of fundamental concepts to real-world situations in client care.
(RN-BSN) This course introduces nursing and other health sciences students to the basic concepts and techniques of data analysis needed in professional health-care practice. Principles of measurement, data summarization, and univariate and bivariate statistics are examined. Differences in types of qualitative data and methods by which these types of data can be interpreted are also explored. Emphasis is placed on the application of fundamental concepts to real-world situations in client care.
- NURS-H 356 Clinical Nursing Care 1: Biophysical Processes (5 cr.) (Traditional, Accelerated) This course focuses on providing nursing care for individuals and families with acute and chronic biophysical illnesses across the lifespan. Particular attention is focused on developing clinical reasoning and competent nursing practice at a beginning level.
- NURS-H 360 Clinical Nursing Care 2: Interactive Processes (5 cr.) (Traditional, Accelerated) This course focuses on nursing care management of individuals and families experiencing acute and chronic health problems related to interaction with the environment and others: sensory, motor, cognitive, affective, and interpersonal processes. Using a holistic approach this course addresses health problems occurring across the lifespan.
- NURS-H 371 Clinical Nursing Care 3: Adaptive Processes (5 cr.) (Traditional, Accelerated) This course builds on Biophysical Processes. The primary focus is on the nursing care management of individuals and families experiencing acute and chronic health problems using an adaptive and holistic approach. Particular attention is focused on developing clinical reasoning and competent nursing practice at an intermediate level.
- NURS-H 403 Nursing Clinical Intensive (2 cr.) (Traditional) This intensive clinical course, comprised of clinical and simulation experiences, incorporates skills, knowledge and behaviors consistent with the nursing process. Students will refine clinical skills and master the nursing process. Attention is focused on developing clinical reasoning, demonstration of critical thinking, and competent nursing practice at an advanced level.
- NURS-H 476 Clinical Nursing Care 4: Complex Processes (5 cr.) (Traditional, Accelerated) The primary focus is on the nursing care management of individuals and families experiencing complex and significant illnesses across the lifespan. Particular attention is focused on developing clinical reasoning and competent nursing practice at an advanced level.
- NURS-L 230 Health Care Delivery Systems (3 cr.) (Traditional) Students examine health care delivery systems, leadership, health policy, regulation and economics. Students explore quality practices of health care organizations. Students analyze the impact of informatics on health care and nursing including the electronic health record, information technology in healthcare, and information literacy.
- NURS-L 330 Leadership in Healthcare Delivery and Policy (4 cr.) (Accelerated) This course focuses on development of effective leadership skills within healthcare delivery systems. Students examine health policy, study information management, and use healthcare data and research evidence to facilitate quality outcomes with care delivery through change initiatives.
- NURS-L 430 Leadership in Healthcare Delivery and Policy (5 cr.) (Traditional) This course focuses on development of effective leadership skills relevant in health care systems. Students examine health policy, information management, and processes that result in exceptional organizational outcomes. Students use healthcare data and research evidence in quality improvement and change initiatives.
- NURS-R 375 Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice (3 cr.)
(Traditional, Accelerated) This course focuses on nursing research and evidence-based practice. Students develop skills in retrieving and appraising literature relevant to clinical problems, understanding the research process, and critiquing evidence from research publications and other sources to inform evidence-based nursing practice.
(RN-BSN) This course focuses on nursing research and evidence-based practice. Students develop skills in retrieving and appraising literature relevant to clinical problems, understanding the research process, and critiquing evidence from research publications and other sources to inform evidence-based nursing practice.
- NURS-S 483 Clinical Nursing Practice (3 cr.) C: B444, S474, S488 (Traditional, Accelerated). Students will have the opportunity to demonstrate competencies consistent with program outcomes and to refine their nursing care practice skills. Students will collaborate with faculty and a preceptor in choosing a care setting, planning and organizing a learning experience, and practicing professional nursing in a safe and effective manner.
- NURS-S 488 Synthesis for Professional Nursing Practice (2 cr.) (Traditional). Students integrate knowledge and skills acquired throughout the program: critical thinking, information technology, cultural competence, care coordination, leadership, collaboration, and communication skills. Students demonstrate competence in evidence-based practice and quality and safety initiatives, as achieved in a complex and changing health care environment. Students begin the transition to professional practice.
- NURS-S 489 Second Degree Synthesis for Professional Nursing Practice (3 cr.) C: B445, S474, S483 (Accelerated) Second-degree students integrate knowledge and skills acquired: critical thinking, information technology, cultural competence, care coordination, leadership, collaboration, and communication skills. Students demonstrate competence in evidence-based practice and quality and safety initiatives, as achieved in a complex and changing health care environment. Students begin the transition to professional practice.
- NURS-Z 480 BSN. Portfolio Review for Course Substitution (1-6 cr.) P: Permission of instructor. The portfolio review process is available to all undergraduate students who believe that they can meet the learning objectives/competencies required of a specific nursing course within their program of study. The portfolio is a mechanism used to validate the acquisition of knowledge and skills congruent with course expectations and student learning outcomes. The portfolio provides objective evidence that students have acquired necessary content and skills through prior learning and/or practice experiences.
- NURS-Z 490 Clinical Experience in Nursing (1-6 cr.) Opportunity for independent study of clinical experience related to nursing practice. Before enrolling in an independent study option, each student must obtain permission from a faculty member who will supervise the study and file appropriate forms prior to registration. Planned and supervised clinical experiences will be arranged in the area of the student's major interest.
- NURS-Z 492 Individual Study in Nursing (1-6 cr.) Opportunity for independent study of topics related to nursing practice. Before enrolling in an independent study option, each student must obtain permission from a faculty member who will supervise the study and file appropriate forms prior to registration.
- NURS-S 474 Applied Health-Care Ethics (3 cr.) P: All sixth-semester nursing courses.
(Traditional, Accelerated) This course is designed to introduce the student to major ethical theory, principles, and models for the recognition, analysis, and resolution of ethical dilemmas in health-care practice.
(RN-BSN) Building on the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, this course explores the nurse’s role in ethical clinical practice, academic work, health policy, and research conduct, focusing particularly on the advocacy role of the nurse. Common ethical problems are discussed and strategies for resolution of ethical dilemmas are applied.
- NURS-A 100 Nursing: Drug Dosage Calculation (2 cr.) Provides a review of basic mathematics and presents a method of solving problems involving drug dosages. Course is open to those interested in nursing.
- NURS-H 370 Senior Nursing Honors Research Internship (3 cr.) Specifically for students accepted to the Nursing Honors Program. This course provides intensive mentoring to help students execute a senior research project.
- NURS-H 498 Nursing Honors Colloquium (1-5 cr.) Specifically for students accepted to the Nursing Honors Option. This course will cover various research topics in each semester of the nursing major, helping prepare students to complete a senior research project.
- NURS-K 436 Contemporary Global Health Issues (1-3 cr.)
Students will study another country’s nursing and healthcare system and healthcare issues. The focus will be exploring the ways in which culture, care delivery, and health policy impact the design of care. Immersed in a global nursing care environment, students gain relevant intercultural and clinical knowledge as well as an understanding of the aggregate health concerns.
- NURS-K 490 Clinical Elective (1-6 cr.) Many clinical nursing elective courses are offered under this number. These elective offerings vary from year to year depending on student interest and available resources. Students are kept informed of elective offerings both through informational forums and through listings in the online course offerings.
- NURS-K 492 Nursing Elective (1-6 cr.) Many nursing elective courses are offered under this number. These elective offerings vary from year to year depending on student interest and available resources. Students are kept informed of elective offerings both through informational forums and through listings in the online course offerings.
- NURS-R 375 Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice (3 cr.)
(Traditional, Accelerated). This course focuses on nursing research and evidence-based practice. Students develop skills in retrieving and appraising literature relevant to clinical problems, understanding the research process, and critiquing evidence from research publications and other sources to inform evidence-based nursing practice.
- NURS-N 502 Nursing Theory I (3 cr.) Focus is on evaluating the factors and issues influencing the development of theory in nursing. Theoretical terminology and criteria for the evaluation of theories are examined. Linkages applied between theory, practice, and research are explored.
- NURS-N 504 Leadership for Advanced Nursing Practice (3 cr.) This course addresses core competencies essential to all advanced nursing practice roles and health care in complex systems.
- NURS-R 500 Nursing Research (3 cr.) P: NURS-N 502. This course provides a survey of research in nursing with a focus on evaluating nursing research for usability in practice.
- NURS-R 505 Measurement and Data Analysis (3 cr.) Principles and applications of scientific measurement, data summarization, and univariate and bivariate inferential statistics are addressed. The research purpose and the phenomena under study are considered as determinants of measurement techniques and data analysis.
- NURS-R 900 Continuation in Study or Thesis (1 cr.) Following enrollment in NURS-R 899, the student must enroll every semester and first summer session in NURS-R 900 until the study or thesis has been completed.
- NURS-Y 515 Advanced Pathophysiology Across the Lifespan (3 cr.)
This course teaches students advanced principles of human physiology and pathophysiology across the lifespan. It explores the physiological manifestation and clinical presentation of disease processes in preparation for advanced nursing practice. Graduate students learn to differentiate between normal and abnormal human physiology and the clinical data necessary to identify abnormal pathogenesis and disease processes.
- NURS-Y 612 Advanced Pharmacology Across the Lifespan (3 cr.) This course prepares graduate students to understand the principles of advanced pharmacology across the lifespan as it relates to advanced nursing practice.
- NURS-Y 625 Advanced Physical Assessment Across the Lifespan (4 cr.) This course prepares graduate students to perform individualized health histories and physical examinations for clients across the lifespan.
- NURS-C 556 Advanced Nursing Management of the Pediatric Client (3 cr.) P: NURS-C 551. To prepare the student to use research data and clinical knowledge of mental, infectious, acute and chronic re-occurring conditions in supporting advanced nursing practice in primary health care nursing of children.
- NURS-C 630 Clinical Concepts for PNP Practice (3 cr.) P: NURS-Y515, NURS-Y612, NURS-Y625 This foundational course develops diagnostic reasoning and advanced psychomotor skills needed for competent, child-centered primary care practice with a problem-oriented focus and hands-on simulated experiences. Emphasis is placed on assessment data, evidence-based practice concepts, and the social, economic, ethical, and cultural factors influencing health and care delivery in children.
- NURS-C 640 Pediatric Primary Care for the APRN I (3 cr.) P: NURS-Y 515, NURS-Y 612, NURS Y625 This course develops pediatric clinical decision-making skills for advanced practice nurses managing primary health care needs of infants, children, and adolescents. Evidence-based pediatric wellness strategies and management of common health problems are emphasized using a developmental and psychosocial approach for child-centered care.
- NURS-C 641 PNP Practicum in Primary Care I (3 cr.) P: NURS-C630. C: NURS-C640 Under the supervision of an experienced preceptor, the student will apply evidence-based practice to the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of infants, children and adolescents in a variety of pediatric health care settings. Emphasis is placed on content knowledge acquired in the co-requisite didactic course and expanding clinical decision-making skills.
- NURS-C 666 Collaborative Clinical Practice in Pediatric Primary Health Care (5 cr.) P: NURS-C 556 300 clinical hours. Seminar provides students with the opportunity to present and discuss complex, multi- faceted clinical situations with faculty and peers. The clinical component provides students with the opportunity to develop advanced clinical skills in pediatric primary health-care settings. Emphasis is on continuity and comprehensiveness of nursing interventions with pediatric clients.
- NURS-D 602 Responsible Conduct of Research (1 cr.) Students will develop knowledge regarding the responsible conduct of research, including conflict of interest, responsible authorship, policies for handling misconduct, data management, data sharing, policies regarding the use of animals and/or human subjects, and institutional vs. individual responsibilities for scientific integrity. This meets the NIH requirements for instruction of pre- and postdoctoral fellows.
- NURS-D 607 Theoretical Perspectives of Nursing Science (3 cr.) This course focuses on comparison of philosophical approaches to knowledge development. Emphasis will be on concepts as building blocks of theory and approaches to concept development and analysis for theory development. Students will develop skills necessary for concept analysis.
- NURS-D 608 Middle Range Theory (3 cr.) This course focuses on evaluation of theory, the utility of theories in research, and the influence of various theoretical perspectives on research strategies. Emphasis is on midrange, multidisciplinary theories relevant to nursing research.
- NURS-D 609 State of the Science Seminar (2 cr.) P: NURS-D 607. This course focuses on increasing the students' understanding of how knowledge has developed relevant to their phenomena of interest. Each student will develop skills needed to critically analyze and synthesize relevant literature in the area of a specific phenomenon. Special emphasis is placed on the application on critical analysis and synthesizing skills.
- NURS-D 615 Performance Improvement and Patient Safety in Health Systems (3 cr.) This course prepares students to lead the development, implementation, and evaluation of performance improvement and patient safety initiatives for patient populations across a variety of health systems. Performance improvement science, quality and safety theories, selection of appropriate process and outcomes measures, and principles of organizational learning are emphasized.
- NURS-D 627 Menopause: Bio-psychosocial-cultural perspectives (3 cr.) P: Graduate status or permission of the instructor. This course focuses on examination and discussion of the myths, theories and scientific evidence surrounding menopause. The course explores biocultural, evolutionary, adaptionist, ecological, and gerontological theories and scientific controversies surrounding women's experiences and outcomes. Content is relevant across multiple majors.
- NURS-D 650 Data Analysis for Clinical and Administrative Decision Making (3 cr.) P: Stats R505 and Research R500. This course focuses on understanding and applying information systems for informed clinical, administrative, and educational decision-making. Emphasis is placed on using computer-based systems for data management and statistical analyses. Students engage in manipulating, interpreting, and analyzing quantitative data using advanced statistical methods. Application of information systems in nursing and health care is emphasized.
- NURS-D 660 Improving Population Health: Application of Evidence for Individual‐Level Behavior Change (3 cr.) This course focuses on the application of evidence for supporting health behavior change for individuals in a selected population. Students evaluate evidence and design health behavior interventions for persons experiencing the same or similar health problems/health risks. Students create a plan for implementing, evaluating and monitoring the impact of the intervention on the health of the population.
- NURS-D 701 Nursing Inquiry and Scholarship: Introduction to Doctoral Study (3 cr.) P: Admission to the Ph.D. program. C: NURS-D 607. Examination and development of knowledge, skills, and strategies to support critical and creative thinking, identification of research and evaluation interests, socialization, and development of scholarship in nursing.
- NURS-D 708 Population Health Practicum (1 clinical cr.) This practicum course will enable the student to analyze health outcomes in a population and develop relationships in communities of practice. Through a population assessment, the student will evaluate factors that influence the health of populations, communities and potential sites for practice scholarship.
- NURS-D 709 Executive Leadership Practicum (1 practicum cr.) The executive leadership practicum enables students to analyze their own leadership practice and develop relationships with system-level healthcare leaders and communities of practice. Through an organizational assessment, students will evaluate potential sites for practice scholarship.
- NURS-D 710 Analytical Thinking for Evidence-based Practice (3 cr.)
This course focuses on advanced concepts of evidence appraisal, including identifying current best evidence, review of the literature, critical evaluation of individual studies, and synthesis of multiple studies. Strengths and limitations of existing evidence and its application to patient health outcomes will be emphasized.
- NURS-D 721 Advanced Leadership in Complex Systems (3 cr.)
This course focuses on synthesis of leadership research, theory, and organizational models within the context of health systems. Environmental influences, team relationships, partnership models, organizational culture, and achieving performance outcomes are explored and applied. Self-knowledge, strategic vision, risk-taking, and effective communication are discussed relative to complex systems.
- NURS-D 722 Theoretical Basis of Project Implementation and Evaluation (3 cr.) P: Placement in curriculum: 3rd semester; P: D710 Analytical thinking for Evidence-Based Practice
This course focuses on the translation and evaluation of evidence in health systems, organizations, and policy environments. Emphasis is placed on improvement of population health outcomes, integration of relevant theories and methods, and responsiveness to contextual factors that influence sustainable projects and programs.
- NURS-D 735 Population Health Surveillance and Management (3 cr.) C: D749 DNP Practicum
In this course, students will have the opportunity to learn and apply: Intermediate epidemiologic concepts as they apply to the monitoring and management of population health; Principles and methods of data analysis critical to understanding and using health research for population health management; Methods for the critique and synthesis of population health research and communicating the results to diverse audiences.
- NURS-D 743 Trans-disciplinary Approaches to Influencing Health Policy (3 cr.) P: Graduate standing or permission of instructor
Designed for nurses and other professionals, this course focuses on policy and advocacy at institutional, local, state, national, and international levels. Participants communicate with policy makers, analyze factors and apply evidence to influence health policy decisions.
- NURS-D 744 Strategic Resource Leadership in Nursing and Health Systems (3 cr.)
This course is about design and execution of strategies to manage human and financial resources within complex health systems. This course has two central themes: How to think systematically and strategically about managing an organization’s human and financial assets, and How to implement these strategies to achieve the organization’s objectives.
- NURS-D 748 Leading Patient-Centered Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Environments (3 cr.)
This course is designed to prepare DNP students for leadership roles in patient-centered interprofessional collaborative practice environments. Students will explore theoretical and empirical evidence for building high performing interprofessional teams and analyze factors related to team effectiveness. Interprofessional leadership competencies for improving safe, high quality care for a population will be emphasized.
- NURS-D 750 Doctor of Nursing Practice Project Planning (2-4 clinical cr.) P: Full Time Program-Fall I, Spring I Courses; Part-time Program: Fall I, Spring I, Summer I, Fall II, Spring II Courses C: NURS-D722 Theoretical Basis of Project Implementation and Evaluation
In this course, students integrate their new knowledge and skills in planning a project to improve outcomes through organizational/systems leadership, quality improvement processes and the translation of evidence into practice. Based on a detailed analysis of the practice environment at the micro, meso, or macro level systems and an evidence-base, students will develop a proposal that will guide the implementation and evaluation of the change in practice in subsequent semesters in the practice setting.
- NURS-D 751 Quality of Life in Acute and Chronic Illness (3 cr.) P: Admission to the Ph.D. program. This course examines in depth the concept of quality of life research, beginning with the clients' perspectives across a variety of social contexts. Theoretical underpinnings and conceptualizations, research methods, and measurements are examined for congruence with various perspectives for usefulness in advancing nursing science.
- NURS-D 751 Advanced Topics in Nursing Science (3 cr.) P: Admission to the Ph.D. program. This course provides an evaluation of models, theories, methods and research that supports strategic learning, knowledge work and knowledge translation in complex systems.
- NURS-D 752 Directed Research Practicum (3 cr.) P: Admission to the Ph.D. program. C: Linked in curriculum to NURS-D 751 but need not be taken concurrently. Students will develop research skills through directed study and supervised research experience. Learning is related to a NURS-D 751 focus course and the student's interest area. Multidisciplinary research experience may include, but is not limited to, pilot-testing and evaluating research methods, data collection, data analysis, and secondary analysis of existing datasets relevant to the student's research interests. This course may be taken more than once.
- NURS-D 760 Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Project Implementation (2-4 clinical cr.) P: Full Time Program-Fall I, Spring I Courses; Part-time Program: Fall I, Spring I, Summer I, Fall II, Spring II Courses, Summer D750, D722.
In this course, students integrate their new knowledge and skills into implementation of a project to improve outcomes through organizational/systems leadership, quality improvement processes and the translation of evidence into practice. Based on a detailed analysis of the practice environment at the micro, meso, or macro level systems and an evidence-base, students will implement the project in the practice setting as described in the final proposal submitted in D750. This will guide the evaluation of the change in practice in the subsequent spring semester. Students will work independently with the team they have established in their respective practice areas to implement the project.
- NURS-D 770 Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Project Evaluation and Dissemination (3-4 clinical cr.) P: Full Time Program-Fall I, Spring I Courses; Part-time Program: Fall I, Spring I, Summer I, Fall II, Spring II Courses C: NURS-D722 Theoretical Basis of Project Implementation and Evaluation
In this course, students integrate their knowledge and skills acquired in D750 Project Planning and D760 Project Implementation into the evaluation of their project. Students will evaluate project outcomes within the organizational/systems leadership, quality improvement processes and/or the translation of evidence into practice. Based on a detailed analysis of the practice environment at the micro, meso, or macro level systems, students will evaluate and disseminate their findings. This will include the development of a final paper, executive summary, sustainment, and dissemination plan, as well as an oral presentation that will guide the translation of the findings into clinical or leadership practice.
- NURS-F 571 Family Nurse Practitioner I (3 didactic cr.) This introductory management course prepares the family nurse practitioner (FNP) student with a knowledge base for promoting health and making clinical decisions for the treatment of acute and chronic illnesses across the lifespan, in a primary care setting.
- NURS-F 573 Family Nurse Practitioner I Practicum (3 clinical cr.) The family nurse practitioner (FNP) student will apply critical thinking skills to assess, diagnose and develop plans of care for patients across the lifespan in a primary care setting, under the direct supervision of an approved licensed health care provider. This course will apply content learned in FNP I didactic.
- NURS-F 575 Family Nurse Practitioner II (3 didactic cr.) This advanced management course builds on the previous course (FNP I) and prepares the family nurse practitioner (FNP) student with knowledge to perform clinical decision making for common complex health problems across the lifespan, in a primary care setting.
- NURS-F 577 Family Nurse Practitioner II Practicum (3 clinical cr.) The advanced family nurse practitioner (FNP) student will apply critical thinking skills to treat complex disease processes across the lifespan in a primary care setting, under the direct supervision of an approved licensed health care provider. This course will apply content learned in FNP II.
- NURS-F 579 Family Nurse Practitioner III (3 cr.) This terminal practicum for family nurse practitioners focuses on synthesis and application of knowledge and skills for autonomous practice across the lifespan. Students complete clinical experiences under supervision of a community based primary care provider preceptor.
- NURS-G 901 Advanced Research (Independent Study) (6 cr.) Individual assignments arranged for doctoral students.
- NURS-I 640 Informatics in Nursing Leadership (3 cr.) This course will examine the nurse leader’s role across the continuum of care in the selection, implementation, and integration of healthcare technologies and information systems to enhance health outcomes. This course will examine theories and research related to healthcare technology and information systems. A focus on emerging technologies for clinical practice and healthcare leadership will be emphasized.
- NURS-J 690 Readings in Clinical Nursing (1-3 cr.) Topic arranged depending on the needs and interests of the student.
- NURS-L 577 Nursing Leadership and Organizational Behavior in Complex Health Systems (3 cr.) This course provides an overview of leadership and organizational concepts, theories, and research relevant to nursing leadership and patient care delivery systems across the continuum of care. Emphasis is placed on effective leadership principles and organizational processes applicable to safe and quality health care systems, such as systems thinking, organizational culture, interprofessional communication, resource utilization, ethics, and change models.
- NURS-L 578 Financial, Legal, and Ethical leadership in Health Systems (3 cr.)
This course is designed to prepare nurse leaders for resource allocation, risk mitigation, regulatory compliance, corporate policy development and ethical leadership practice in health care systems. The focus of the course is on leadership decisions that ensure value in health care.
- NURS-L 580 Nursing Leadership in Health Systems Practicum III (3 clinical cr.) This final practicum course focuses on synthesis of the nurse leader role, including accountabilities for safe and effective care delivery. Emphasis is placed on extended responsibilities of nurse leaders, such as partnerships, service-based approaches, continuum-defined health care systems, self-managed teams, health innovations, and values-based care. Through a guided learning opportunity, students will participate in and assess complex structures and processes designed to create value in health systems.
- NURS-L 581 Economic Analysis of Nursing and Health Systems (3 cr.) This course provides the economic context for leadership in nursing systems and a forum for students to analyze concepts of cost and cost effectiveness, reimbursement, health equity, and value to the community they serve. Examination of health expenditures, alternative care delivery systems and business strategies that influence health outcomes will be emphasized.
- NURS-L 582 Nursing Leadership Practicum I (1 didactic cr, 2 clinical cr.)
This course focuses on developing the leadership role at the microsystem level with aggregate populations in complex and dynamic work environments. Students will assess the application of leadership theories, evidence-based leadership practices, and organizational dynamics as they apply to the nurse leader role.
- NURS-L 592 Nursing Leadership Practicum II (1 didactic cr, 2 clinical cr.)
This course focuses on developing the nurse leader role at the mesosystem (multidepartmental) level by expanding the focus on strategic and daily operations of multiple nursing and health services departments. Students will examine decision-making, teamwork, conflict resolution, problem-solving, coaching, and work engagement experiences with individuals and teams in health systems.
- NURS-L 596 Nursing Leadership Seminar (3 cr.)
This didactic course provides students with opportunities to explore the impact of contemporary topics confronting current and future health systems leaders. Emphasis is placed on the interaction of theory and research on leadership practice.
- NURS-L 775 Organizational Theories in Nursing (3 cr.) An analysis of existing organizational theory for the purpose of identifying, extending, or modifying theory for application in the nursing service or education sectors.
- NURS-M 559 Dynamics of Stress and Coping: Promoting Client Functioning (3 cr.) This course focuses on analyzing psychological and psycho-physiological theories of stress and coping. Students apply principles of interviewing to identify experiences of stress, and use clinical reasoning to diagnose stress related problems for adults across the life span. Students design, implement and evaluate evidence-based nursing stress management interventions for individuals and their families.
- NURS-M 560 Enhancing Health Behaviors Through Psycho-Educational Nursing Interventions (3 cr.) This course focuses on the application of science to enhance individual health behaviors of adults across the lifespan through psycho-educational interventions. Emphasis is on the development of psycho-educational interventions to support health-related decision-making and self-management through learning and cognitive restructuring. Learning and other relevant theories are presented to guide intervention design, implementation and evaluation.
- NURS-M 570 Clinical Nurse Specialist I: Scientific Basis of Practice - Developing the Expert Nurse (4 cr.)
Understanding the clinical nurse specialist role as expert advanced practice nurse. Emphasis is on theory and science related to chronic illness prevention, risk reduction and management. Students diagnose problems amenable to nursing interventions. The course includes both didactic and clinical (150 clinical hours) learning experiences.
- NURS-M 580 Clinical Nurse Specialist II: Symptom and Functional Enhancement - Developing Problem Solver (5 cr.) Application of theory and science to address clinical problems and improve patient outcomes related to symptoms and functional status in the context of wellness in chronic illness. Theory, research and evidence are analyzed in the design, implementation and evaluation of nursing interventions to optimize outcomes for specialty population groups across the life span. This course includes both didactic and clinical (150 clinical hours) learning experiences.
- NURS-M 590 Clinical Nurse Specialist III: System Leadership for Innovation in Nursing Practice (5 cr.) Prepares clinical nurse specialists to function as innovation leaders within complex health systems. Students synthesize and apply theories and research to advance the practice of nursing for a specialty population of adults across the lifespan experiencing chronic illness. Emphasis is on leading nurses and multidisciplinary teams in achieving safety, quality and cost-effective outcomes. This course includes both didactic and clinical (225 clinical hours) learning experiences.
- NURS-M 595 Specialty for Advanced Clinical Practice (3 cr.)
Focused on integrating in-depth understanding of the theory and science underpinning care for a selected specialty population.
- NURS-P 510 Neuro-Psychopharmacology (3 cr.)
Neurobiological processes relevant to mental health and the pathogenesis and treatment of mental illness provide the framework for this course. The course emphasizes neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neuropathology; interactions among body systems; and the nurse's role in the management of psychopharmacological agents in adult psychiatric nursing.
- NURS-P 675 Substance Use/Abuse and Co-Morbid Disorders Across the Lifespan (3 cr.)
This course presents advanced concepts of substance use. Specific content of the course explores complex biology of psychoactive substances focusing on stimulants, depressants, inhalants, etc. along with substance use/abuse prevention and prevalence. Examines psychological and sociological theories to explain substance use/abuse. Explores policies on substance use/abuse and Medication Assisted Therapy.
- NURS-P 677 Advanced Clinical Practice Family PMHNP I Across the Lifespan (4 cr.) P: NURS-Y625
This course builds on advance health assessment knowledge with emphasis on the advanced psychiatric assessment. Utilizes individual and family frameworks, theories, research findings, and cultural perspectives. Experienced Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioners, Psychiatrists, and other related mental-health providers provide learning experiences in clinical practicum. Includes introductory professional role socialization.
- NURS-P 680 Advanced Clinical Practice Family PMHNP II Across the Lifespan (5 cr.) P: NURS-P677
This course builds on PMHNP I and provides further theoretical foundations and clinical practicum for population-based mental health care. Emphasis on assessment, diagnoses, psychotherapeutic and psychopharmalogic treatments of evidence-based outcomes. Integrates theoretical knowledge of health promotion and disease prevention to achieve optimal health outcomes. Includes professional role socialization.
- NURS-P 682 Advanced Clinical Practice Family PMHNP I Across the Lifespan (5 cr.) P: NURS-P680
This course builds on PMHNP II and provides continuing theoretical foundations and clinical practicum for population-based mental health care. Emphasis expanded to include integrative health and mental health policy. Integrates theoretical knowledge of group dynamics and the development of evidence-based therapeutic strategies. Includes ethical and legal professional role socialization.
- NURS-R 601 Instrumentation and Measurement (3 cr.) P: NURS-R 603, NURS-R 604, or consent of faculty. This course provides an opportunity for the student to develop expertise in developing and testing the psychometric properties of an instrument to measure health-related phenomena. Content focuses on theoretical foundations of measurement, item construction, questionnaire design, and content analysis, item analysis, assessment of reliability and validity, accuracy and precision, and manuscript preparation to report psychometric properties.
- NURS-R 603 Foundations of Quantitative Research (3 cr.) P: Doctoral students with a graduate course in research design in methods. This course is intended for students enrolled in a doctoral program who have had a graduate course in research design and methods. The focus of this course is an in-depth critique of quantitative research designs and methods including those used to test interventions. In depth critique of strengths of limitations of quantitative research will lead to development of a research study proposal to evaluate a phenomenon of interest.
- NURS-R 605 Design and Applications of Advanced Research Designs/Interventions (3 cr.) P: NURS-R 603, NURS-R 604. Evaluates and applies issues relevant to intervention research and health services research. Content will include intervention dosage, sensitivity, mediators and moderators, and quality assurance and feasibility of intervention delivery. Translational research, multisite research, intent-to-treat, nested designs, and outcome designs will be discussed for application.
- NURS-R 610 Foundations of Qualitative Research (3 cr.) The focus of this course is on in-depth critique of the quality indicators for qualitative research designs. Designs, sampling methods, data collection methods, and analysis methods are evaluated for credibility, neutrality, consistency and usefulness of findings. In addition, the consistency among research questions, purpose, design, data analysis and conclusions are examined.
- NURS-R 613 Grounded Theory Research (3-3 cr.) P: NURS-R 610 or introductory course in qualitative methods. This course focuses on the methods of grounded theory research within the context of its origins, history and philosophical foundations.
- NURS-R 615 Comparative Effectiveness Research and Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research (CER/PCOR) (3 cr.) This course provides an overview of comparative effectiveness and patient‐centered outcomes research (CER/PCOR). Topics include history, definitions, and key terms; engaging patients and stakeholders; evidence‐based medicine; health technology assessment; policy issues; government and private sector roles and programs; CER/PCOR funding; role of cost and quality; and methods and standards.
- NURS-R 702 Biological and Behavioral Foundations of Self-Management Interventions (3 cr.)
This course provides in-depth analysis of the theoretical and research literature that provides evidence for biological and behavioral factors that influence self- and family management. Students will critically evaluate theories/models applicable to self- and family-management and complete an in depth analysis of self-management interventions relevant to their area of interest.
- NURS-R 703 Symptom Science: Models, Methods, and Measures (3 cr.)
This course focuses on models, methods, and measures used in symptom science. The NIH Symptom Science Model and core symptoms of cognition, depression, fatigue, pain, and sleep will be examined. Students will critically evaluate scientific literature and conduct an in-depth evaluation of one symptom related to their area of research interest.
- NURS-R 704 Developing Grant Applications for Health Sciences (3 cr.)
In this course, students develop beginning grantsmanship skills by understanding the process of successful grant writing and common components of grant applications. Students will collaborate with research mentors/teams to develop substantive content of a grant application that has potential for funding. Students will participate in peer review and critique.
- NURS-R 899 Dissertation in Nursing (1-9 cr.) P: All doctoral coursework and the qualifying exam must be completed. Dissertation research is facilitated through individualized research mentoring. Each semester, goals/objectives and a timeline for work to be accomplished are mutually determined by the student and chair. The student and dissertation chair meet regularly and dissertation committee members are involved as needed to ensure consistent progress.
- NURS-S 674 Management of the Acutely Ill Adult /Gero I (5 cr.) This course focuses on assessment, diagnosis, and collaborative management of adult & geriatric clients experiencing acute and exacerbation of chronic illness commonly seen across the continuum of acute care delivery systems. Through didactic information, clinical practice, and laboratory experiences students develop knowledge and skills fundamental to promoting health maintenance and disease prevention.
- NURS-S 675 Management of the Acutely Ill Adult /Gero II (6 cr.)
This course focuses on assessment, comprehensive diagnosis, and collaborative management of adult & geriatric clients who are acutely ill or experiencing an exacerbation of chronic illness commonly seen across the continuum of acute care delivery systems. Through didactic information, clinical practice, and laboratory experiences students develop knowledge and skills fundamental to promoting health maintenance and disease prevention.
- NURS-S 676 Management of the Acutely Ill Adult /Gero III (6 cr.)
This course focuses on assessment, comprehensive diagnosis, and collaborative management of adult & geriatric clients who are experiencing complex chronic, acute and critical illness commonly seen across the continuum of acute care delivery systems. Through didactic information, clinical practice, and laboratory experiences students develop knowledge and skills fundamental to promoting health maintenance and disease prevention.
- NURS-T 601 Advancing Nursing Education (4 cr.)
This course exposes students to development and evaluation of clinical/didactic instruction. Learner diversity and multicultural/global education are discussed, and the role of the nurse educator is explored. 75 hours of clnical are required in a clinical area of specialty to meet requirements of graduate level clinical practice content and experience.
- NURS-T 604 Curriculum in Nursing (3 cr.)
The focus of this course is on the process of curriculum and program development, implementation, revision and evaluation. Philosophical, social, economic, and professional issues that are relevant to nursing education curriculum are explored.
- NURS-T 618 Evaluation in Nursing (3 cr.)
This course focuses on the theoretical and empirical basis for assessment and evaluation in nursing education. Emphasis is placed on concepts, models, frameworks and strategies for applicability to nursing teaching and learning environments including classroom, on-line, laboratory/simulation, and clinical settings.
- NURS-T 620 Computer Technologies for Nurse Educators (3 cr.)
This course focuses on knowledge and skills for technologies to support teaching-learning in nursing. Emphasis is placed on principles of distance learning, use of the internet, and integrating computer and other technologies into nursing education. Theoretical frameworks for guiding selection, use and integration of technologies in nursing education are discussed.
- NURS-T 680 Nursing Education Practicum (4 cr.)
The student functions in an educator role in a clinical or academic setting by designing, implementing and evaluating lesson plans, modules, or courses. Through portfolio, students reflect on improving their role as a nurse educator. Learning experiences are negotiated to meet learning goals in a preceptor-supervised practicum of 150 hours.
- NURS-T 800 Preparing Future Faculty (2 cr.) P: Students should have completed one year of doctoral level coursework.
This course helps students develop competencies as doctorally-prepared educators in academic and other complex organizations. Course concepts include functioning within the educational environment; understanding the relationship between teaching, research/scholarship and service and preparing to be a doctorally prepared member of the faculty.
- NURS-W 540 Writing for Publication (3 cr.) P: Permission of the faculty. W540 is a 3 credit course for graduate students in health sciences focusing on preparing a research or scholarly works manuscript of for publication. The content of the course is organized to take students through the process of journal selection, manuscript preparation, and submission. Emphasis is placed on peer review, contemporary issues in publishing, and publication ethics.
- NURS-Y 512 Advanced Concepts in Gerontology (3 cr.) P: Consent of instructor. Introductory course which enables students to synthesize advanced theoretical concepts in the care of aging adults, using a multidisciplinary approach. Transitioning between institutional settings across the continuum of care is examined for older adults with complex health problems.
- NURS-Y 535 Dynamics of Family Health Care (3 cr.) Provides students with opportunities to study families within the community context. Consideration is given to theories of family functioning and roles in family health care, using family assessment tools and other nursing intervention strategies.
- NURS-Y 552 Health Promotion in Adult Gerontology Primary Care (2 cr.)
Enables the nurse practitioner student to develop a strong theoretical framework for clinical decision-making in the assessment and management of health care needs of young to older adults. Emphasis is on health promotion and maintenance, and disease screening and prevention with a primary care focus.
- NURS-Y 554 Advanced Practice Management in Adult Gerontology Primary Care (2 cr.) Integrates the application of physical assessment, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, and pharmacology in the management of adults and aging individuals with chronic, complex health problems.
- NURS-Y 555 Adult Gerontology Collaborative Primary Care Practicum II (4 cr.) Provides students with the necessary clinical skills to manage care of adults and aging individuals with chronic, complex health problems in a variety of primary care settings. (20-24 hours/week).
- NURS-Y 560 Adult Gerontology Primary Care of Adolescences to Older Adults Practicum I (3 cr.)
This course integrates the application of physical assessment, differential diagnosis, pathophysiology, and pharmacology in the management of adolescences, adults, and aging individuals with acute, minor health problems in a primary care population. (16 hours/week).
- NURS-Y 600 Clinical Reasoning & Diagnostic Processes in Advanced Practice Nursing (3 cr.) P: NURS-Y 625, or permission of instructor. Course for Family and Adult Nurse Practitioner students. Introduces students to clinical reasoning, formulation of differential diagnosis and diagnostic processes necessary when delivering health care to a primary care population. This course builds upon the cognitive and psychomotor skills attained in advanced health assessment and pathophysiology with an application to evidence based practice. Issues related to third party reimbursement, regulation and scope of practice, and the ethics of diagnostic decision making are included.
- NURS-B 304 Health Policy (3 cr.) (RN-BSN) Social, ethical, cultural, economic, and political issues that affect the delivery of health and nursing services globally are critically analyzed. Government and entrepreneurial interests are examined. Emphasis is placed on the impact of policy decisions on professional nursing practice and health services.
- NURS-B 331 Transition to Baccalaureate Nursing Practice (3 cr.)
This course bridges the nurse to the essential elements of baccalaureate professional practice. Students examine intra and inter professional communication, collaboration, and teamwork to enhance quality patient care. Students explore nursing professional organizations, issues in professional practice, and the impact of lifelong learning on career development.
- NURS-B 344 Comprehensive Nursing Health Assessment (3 cr.)
(RN to BSN) This course focuses on the complete health assessment, the nursing process, and its relationship to the prevention and early detection of disease across the life span. Students learn the skills of interview, inspection/observation, palpation, percussion, and auscultation in assessing clients across the life span and comparing normal from abnormal findings.
- NURS-B 403 Aging With Dignity (3 cr.) (RN-BSN) This course promotes a holistic approach to persons in the later years of life. Death and dying, legal and ethical issues, family care giving, and future challenges will be discussed in the context of best practices as outlined by the John A Hartford Foundation: Institute for Geriatric Nursing.
- NURS-B 404 Informatics (3 cr.) (RN-BSN) This course addresses nursing informatics: state of the science and issues for research, development, and practice. It clarifies concepts of nursing, technology, and information management; and comprises theory, practice, and the social and ethical issues in nursing and health care informatics.
- NURS-H 355 Data Analysis for Practice and Research (3 cr.)
(Traditional) This course introduces nursing and other health sciences students to the basic concepts and techniques of data analysis needed in professional health-care practice. Principles of measurement, data summarization, and univariate and bivariate statistics are examined. Differences in types of qualitative data and methods by which these types of data can be interpreted are also explored. Emphasis is placed on the application of fundamental concepts to real-world situations in client care.
(RN-BSN) This course introduces nursing and other health sciences students to the basic concepts and techniques of data analysis needed in professional health-care practice. Principles of measurement, data summarization, and univariate and bivariate statistics are examined. Differences in types of qualitative data and methods by which these types of data can be interpreted are also explored. Emphasis is placed on the application of fundamental concepts to real-world situations in client care.
- NURS-K 301 The Art and Science of Complementary Health (3 cr.) (RN-BSN) This course will serve as an introduction to a variety of complementary therapies, including healing touch, guided imagery, hypnosis, acupuncture, aromatherapy, reflexology, and massage. The class will critically examine each therapy through assigned readings, literature reviews, presentations, guest lecturers, and optional experiential activities.
- NURS-K 305 New Innovations in Health and Health Care (3 cr.) (RN-BSN) This course explores emergent trends in health and health care, including technological advances in health care, developing approaches to care based on new knowledge and/ or research findings, and trends in health care delivery in a themed, survey or independent study format.
- NURS-K 434 Current Trends in Global Health Nursing (3 cr.) (RN-BSN) This dynamic course provides learning opportunities for global health issues that contribute to health disparities and ways in which healthcare workers are striving to address them. Priority is given to healthcare issues highlighted by the World Health Organization including infectious and chronic illness, women's health, environmental impacts and disaster response.
- NURS-K 499 Genes and Precision Health (3 cr.) (RN-BSN) This course introduces nurses to genetics and genomics. The role of the nurse; genetic basis of selected alterations to health across the lifespan; precision medicine/epigenetic treatments; and ethical, legal, cultural and social issues in genetic healthcare are examined from a nursing perspective.
- NURS-P 345 Pharmacology (3 cr.) (RN-BSN) This course focuses on basic principles of pharmacology. It includes the pharmacologic properties of major drug classes and individual drugs, with an emphasis on the clinical application of drug therapy through the nursing process.
- NURS-R 375 Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice (3 cr.)
(Traditional, Accelerated) This course focuses on nursing research and evidence-based practice. Students develop skills in retrieving and appraising literature relevant to clinical problems, understanding the research process, and critiquing evidence from research publications and other sources to inform evidence-based nursing practice.
(RN-BSN) This course focuses on nursing research and evidence-based practice. Students develop skills in retrieving and appraising literature relevant to clinical problems, understanding the research process, and critiquing evidence from research publications and other sources to inform evidence-based nursing practice.
- NURS-R 470 Clinical Nursing Practice Capstone (3 cr.) (RN-BSN) This course allows students to synthesize knowledge and skills learned in the baccalaureate program and to demonstrate competencies consistent with program outcomes and to refine their nursing practice skills. Students will plan and organize learning experiences, design a project, and practice professional nursing in a safe and effective manner.
- NURS-S 410 Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response (3 cr.)
(RN to BSN) This course focuses on the theoretical and practical perspectives of disaster response and emergency management for nursing professionals. Students will explore disaster/ emergency response preparedness, leadership principles, decision-making, and recovery training measures for health care providers devoted to supporting community disaster resilience.
- NURS-S 420 Care Coordination in Transitions of Care (3 cr.)
(RN to BSN) Students will synthesize knowledge and skills relevant to care coordination to ensure smooth care transition. Students will develop an understanding of the role of the RN as a member of a interprofessional team, as well as options for the most appropriate care setting for an individual patient.
- NURS-S 474 Applied Health-Care Ethics (3 cr.) P: All sixth-semester nursing courses.
(Traditional, Accelerated) This course is designed to introduce the student to major ethical theory, principles, and models for the recognition, analysis, and resolution of ethical dilemmas in health-care practice.
(RN-BSN) Building on the ANA Code of Ethics for Nurses, this course explores the nurse’s role in ethical clinical practice, academic work, health policy, and research conduct, focusing particularly on the advocacy role of the nurse. Common ethical problems are discussed and strategies for resolution of ethical dilemmas are applied.
- NURS-S 475 A Multisystem Approach to the Health of the Community (3 cr.) (RN-BSN) Basic epidemiological principles and community health nursing models are applied in collaboration with diverse groups. Disease prevention strategies are applied to individuals and populations to promote health. Students apply the concepts of community assessment, disease prevention, and health promotion to plan, implement, and evaluate interventions for populations in the community.
- NURS-S 487 Nursing Management (3 cr.) (RN-BSN) This course focuses on development of management skills assumed by professional nurses, including delegation of responsibilities, networking, and facilitation of groups, conflict resolution, leadership, case management, and collaboration. Concepts addressed include organizational structure, delivery systems, change, managing quality and performance, budgeting and resource allocation, staffing, scheduling, evaluation and career development.
