Role of constitution, legislatures, agencies, courts, and public in shaping public health policy. Includes Constitutional authority, limits on governmental intervention, tensions between protecting society's interests and preserving individual rights, reading legal documents, recognizing legal issues, communicating with attorneys, and strategies to increase public understanding and influence on laws affecting health.

Provides in depth coverage of research methods and techniques commonly applied in the areas of safety science, safety management, occupational safety, occupational health and injury and illness prevention. Emphasis on developing the capacity to critically interpret, evaluate and apply findings from the research literature in appropriate contexts.

Causal inference from observational data is a key task of epidemiology. This course will first present the concepts underlying causal theory and then show how epidemiologic concepts and methods introduced in E658 and E659 can be understood within this general framework. Epidemiologic concepts such as confounding, comparability, overall effects, direct effects, intermediate variables, selection bias, and information bias will be formally defined within the context of counterfactual theory.