History, Civilization, or Other Culture Courses

Baltic-Finnish

• CEUS-R 501 The Baltic States Since 1918 (3 cr.) This course introduces the Baltic states at the graduate level. We cover independence during the Russian Revolution and three eras: interwar, Soviet rule, and the re-establishment of independence and aftermath. Socio-economic change and culture also receive attention. The approach is comparative. Weekly meetings are centered on discussion of common readings.

• CEUS-R 502 Finland in the 20th Century (3 cr.) This course studies modern Finnish history in depth. The course stresses the following: Russification; 1905 Revolution; independence; interwar period, the Winter War and the Continuation War; “Finlandization,” economic miracle, and welfare state; changing role of women; Finland as part of Scandinavia; literature, art, and music; and membership in the EU.

• CEUS-R 504 Modern Finnish Literature (3 cr.) This lecture and discussion course examines the major works of modern Finnish literature in translation. Themes include: urbanization, industrialization, independence, the individual and society, alcoholism, the Sixties, position of women, and influence of fine arts, music, performing arts, and film. Weekly written homework and class discussion.

• CEUS-R 508 Estonian Culture and Civilization (3 cr.) This course explores Estonian cultural development, including folklore and oral tradition, religion, language and literature, literacy and education, high culture (music, art, theatre, film), and the rise of an Estonian press and printing in general. Some comparison will be made to neighboring and other European traditions. Media presentations illustrate these developments.

• CEUS-R 509 Topics in Baltic-Finnish Studies (3 cr.) Topics in Baltic-Finnish Studies is used for new classes in Baltic-Finnish studies, aimed at M.A. and early Ph.D. students and/or upper division undergraduates. Such classes are typically taught by a mix of lecture and discussion.

• CEUS-R 600 Advanced Readings in Baltic-Finnish Studies (1-6 cr.) This course number is for tutorials in advanced topics in Baltic-Finnish studies. Readings may include work on demanding classical texts or a survey of the secondary literature on a topic or some combination thereof.

• CEUS-R 700 Seminar in Baltic-Finnish Studies (3 cr.) Seminar in Baltic-Finnish Studies introduces doctoral students to current areas of research in Baltic-Finnish studies, using primary sources, full review of secondary literature, sounds philological methodology, and/or theoretically sophisticated research designs. Classes will address particular areas and issues of interest to faculty and advanced graduate students.

Central Asian

• CEUS-R 510 Introduction to Central Asian History (3 cr.) The breakup of the Soviet Union has dramatically increased global interest in Central Asia. This course offers students opportunity to explore Central Asia’s role in world history, in Islam, and as linking East Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. Readings include Central Asian sources in English translation.

• CEUS-R 511 Travelers and Explorers in Central Asia (3 cr.) This course charts the exploration of Central Asia (from China to Iran) in the eighth through nineteenth centuries as a gateway to this fascinating but under-studied region. Using primary sources in English translation, we will evaluate these travelogues as sources, comparing and contrasting medieval and modern, insider and outsider, perspectives.

• CEUS-R 512 Shrine and Pilgrimage in Central Asian Islam (3 cr.) This course surveys religious beliefs and activities involving shrines and pilgrimage to holy places in Muslim Central Asia, from beginnings to today. Our aim will be to understand both how shrines served the religious needs of Central Asian Muslims and the relationship between shrine-centered religious life and “normative” religious practices.

• CEUS-R 513 Islam in the Former Soviet Union (3 cr.) This course surveys Islam and Muslim communities in areas of the former USSR. After basic coverage of Islam, Russian expansion, and their interaction, we focus on the pressures experienced and exerted by Islam, as religion and socio-cultural system, with attention to religious life’s adaptations to the Soviet and post-Soviet context.

• CEUS-R 514 Islamization in Inner Asia (3 cr.) This course seeks to understand the distinctive character of Islam in Inner Asia. Introductory lectures treat religious change and “conversion,” and geographic, ethnic, and political contexts. Later lectures explore cases of Islamization, emphasizing indigenous accounts and their significance in Islamic and Inner Asian patterns of religious meaning and ritual.

• CEUS-R 515 Politics & Society in Central Asia (3 cr.) This course introduces Central Asia, esp. of the former Soviet Union, focusing on the 1980s and beyond. Main topics are politics, society, and economy; others include demography, Islam, women, and foreign policy. The format is primarily lecture, with three essay exams, graduate students complete a paper or project.

• CEUS-R 516 Peoples and Cultures of Central Asia (3 cr.) Anthropology of former Soviet Central Asia and adjacent areas of Iran and Afghanistan. Topics: ecology; ethnohistory; subsistence traditions; kinship, gender, and identities; religion; transformations under Russia, Iran, Afghanistan, and the war on terrorism. No previous knowledge presumed; background in anthropology helpful. Course consists of lectures, readings, films, slides, and discussion.

• CEUS-R 527 Post-Soviet Central Asia Politics, Economy and Foreign Policy (3 cr.) P: Student should have some familiarity with Central Asia and/or political, economic, and social issues in other post-Soviet countries. This course will focus on political, economic, and foreign issues since 1991 in the five former Soviet republics that emerged as independent countries in Central Asia. Our main focus will be the similarities and differences among the newly independent states of Central Asia.

• CEUS-R 528 Post-Soviet Central Asia; Identity, Language, and Social Issues (3 cr.) P: Some familiarity with Central Asia and/or political, economic, and social issues in other post-Soviet countries. This course focuses on the development in a variety of policy areas since 1991 in the five former Soviet republics that emerged as independent countries in Central Asia. Each class will be a different topic although we will concentrate on similiarities and differences among newly independent states of Central Asia.

• CEUS-R 529 Topics in Central Asian Studies (3 cr.) Topics in Central Asian Studies is used for new classes in Central Asian studies, aimed at M.A. and early Ph.D. students and/or upper division undergraduates. Such classes are typically taught by a mix of lecture and discussion.

• CEUS-R 610 Advanced Readings in Central Asian Studies (1-6 cr.) This course number is for tutorials in advanced topics in Central Asian studies. Readings may include work on demanding classical texts or a survey of the secondary literature on a topic or some combination thereof.

• CEUS-R 611 Ethnic History of Central Asia (3 cr.) This course surveys Central Asia’s ethnic history from ancient times to today. Part of the Islamic world, Central Asia has been a crossroads of cultures. Nomadic migrations, Russia and China’s imperial policies, and Central Asian nationalism further affected interethnic relations. The course provides background to understand interethnic relations there today.

• CEUS-R 612 Central Asia Under Russian Rule (3 cr.) This course surveys Russia and Central Asia’s complex relations, covering Russian expansion in the 16th century, Russian conquest in the 19th century, socio-political developments, and emergence of modern nations in the 1920s. Themes addressed include: mechanisms of Empire, dynamics between Conqueror and Conquered, and colonial administration of Islamic peoples.

• CEUS-R 613 Islamic Central Asia, Sixteenth-Nineteenth Centuries (3 cr.) This course surveys Islamic Central Asia from the 16th century to the Russian conquest: especially Chinggisid Uzbek states and the ‘tribal’ dynasties, but also East Turkestan to 1755, and nomadic Qazaqs, Qirghiz, and Turkmens. Themes include political institutions, legitimation, nomads and sedentaries, ethnic developments, religion and culture; sources and historiography.

• CEUS-R 614 Yasavi Sufis and Central Asian Islam (3 cr.) This course surveys the Yasavi Sufi tradition, a major religious current in Islamic Central Asia since the 13th century. We explore its historical and religious background, the life of its founder, Khoja Ahmad Yasavi, transmission lineages, the coalescence of the Yasavi Sufi “order,” and its legacy in contemporary Central Asia.

• CEUS-R 615 The Naqshbandi Sufi Tradition in Central Asia (3 cr.) Familiar in India and the Ottoman Middle East, the Naqshbandi order is less well known in its Central Asian homeland. This course covers Sufism in Central Asia, challenges under Mongol rule, early founding figures, doctrinal profile and practices, and the subsequent history of the Naqshbandi communities to the 20th century.

• CEUS-R 616 Religion and Power in Islamic Central Asia (3 cr.) Course explores the role of religious figures and institutions in sanctioning, exercising, and/or underminding political authority in Islamic Central Asia. The course focuses on the political influence wielded by the local representatives of Islam’s spiritual ideal, especially Sufi shaykhs and how they used their extraordinary socio-economical, and political power.

• CEUS-R 627 Islam and Modernity in Central Eurasia, 1850-present (3 cr.) Understanding the background to headlines about Islam today demands serious reading of sources, appreciation of Islam’s diversity, and awareness of internal controversies. In recent centuries, Muslims, like other religious believers, have been challenged by modernity. How Muslims of Central Eurasia have responded to modernity is this course’s primary theme.

• CEUS-R 628 Russia’s Orient 1552-1924 (3 cr.) This graduate course examines the relationship between Russia and the Turkic peoples in the Black Sea, Caucasus, and Volga-Ural regions, as well as nomadic and sedentary Central and Inner Asia. Themes include: Russian expansion, efforts to situate the “oriental” Other within the Empire, imperial management, and indigenous resistance and accommodation.

• CEUS-R 629 Islamic Hagiography of Central Asia (3 cr.) P: Reading knowledge of Persian or Chaghatay or Turkic. This course familiarizes students with Central Asia’s Islamic hagiographical from the 12th-19th centuries, introduces them to problems in interpreting it, and provides experience in reading examples. After introductory lectures, the course is devoted to guided readings in Persian and/or Chaghatay Turkic hagiographies, mostly drawn from unpublished manuscripts.

• CEUS-R 710 Seminar in Central Asian Studies (3 cr.) Seminar in Central Asian Studies introduces doctoral students to current areas of research in Central Asian studies, using primary sources, full review of secondary literature, sound philological methodology, and/or theoretically sophisticated research designs. Classes will address particular areas and issues of interest to faculty and advanced graduate students.

• CEUS-R 713 Sources for the Study of Central Asian History (3 cr.) This seminar is fundamental training for graduate students in the field of Central Asian history. Lectures cover thoroughly all types of sources used for the study of Central Asian history during the Islamic period (8th-19th c.), with special emphasis on written sources, both in indigenous and European languages.

• CEUS-R 711 Seminar on Comparative Study of Central Asia and Middle East (3 cr.) This seminar explores various issues in Central Asian and the Middle Eastern society from an anthropological perspective. Past topics include “Islam and Politics,” “Representations of Islam and Muslims,” and “Family, Gender, and the Crisis of Masculinity.”

Central Asian-Xinjiang

• CEUS-R 530 Politics in Modern Xinjiang (3 cr.) Xinjiang has been a colony of the Manchu empire, a warlord fiefdom, an independent republic, and an “autonomous region” in China. This course covers Xinjiang’ politics from 1900 to the present, focusing on Islam, identity politics, immigration, language battles, cultural resistance, the Production and Construction Corps, political economy, and oil.

• CEUS-R 531 Grave Robbers, Missionaries, and Spies: Foreign Adventurers in Chinese Turkistan (3 cr.) From the 19th century to the mid-20th, the mysteries of Xinjiang (Chinese Turkestan) lured outsiders: missionaries, archeologists, treasure hunters, adventurers, scouts, officials, and outright spies. Fortunately, many left readable accounts of their discoveries. Through them we explore both the region’s attraction to outsiders and their influence on the region.

• CEUS-R 532 From Kingdom to Colony to Province: History of Xinjiang to 1911 (3 cr.) This course introduces the tumultuous history of Xinjiang, geographically part of Central Asia, but now under China. We will cover cultural, ethnic, religious, and geopolitical changes up to 1911. Topics include ecology and economy, Uyghur, Chinese, Mongol, and Manchu empires, Islamicization, the Jadidist movement, and stirrings of nationalism.

• CEUS-R 533 Cultures and Civilization of Xinjiang (3 cr.) This course surveys Xinjiang (Chinese Turkestan) from prehistory to today: material life, languages, literature, arts, and religion. With texts and audiovisuals, we will consider the “mummy controversy,” Xinjiang on the so-called Silk Road, Islamicization, and cultural diversity today. Themes include cultural borrowing, “clash of civilizations,” and the politics of multiculturalism.

Hungarian

• CEUS-R 540 Introduction to Hungarian Studies (3 cr.) What makes Hungary special? How have Hungarians drawn on surrounding cultures? This course introduces major issues in Hungarian Studies, from the migration to the present. After a geographic survey, we explore issues of Hungarian identity, with particular reference to issues of ethnicity, religion, and culture, both high and low.

• CEUS-R 542 Roma Gypsy History & Culture (3 cr.) Europe’s largest minority, the so-called “Gypsies,” more properly the Roma, have been killed, hunted, and reviled; yet the exotic flavoring of “Gypsiness” has fascinated writers, artists, and composers. This course surveys Roma history and representations. No background in East European studies, music, or film is required; readings are in English.

• CEUS-R 547 East Central European Cities in Comparative Perspective (3 cr.) This course is currently not offered. This course explores East-Central European cities through history, sociology, literature, film and the arts: under Austrian or Russian rule until WWI, newly independent between the wars, under Soviet hegemony from WWII to 1989, and facing challenges of development and European integration since then. Main focus on Budapest, Warsaw, and Prague.

• CEUS-R 549 Topics in Hungarian Studies (1-4 cr.) Topics in Hungarian Studies is used for new classes in Hungarian studies, aimed at M.A. and early Ph.D. students and/or upper division undergraduates. Such classes are typically taught by a mix of lecture and discussion.

• CEUS-R 640 Advanced Readings in Hungarian Studies (1-6 cr.) This course number is for tutorials in advanced topics in Hungarian studies. Readings may include work on demanding classical texts or a survey of the secondary literature on a topic or some combination thereof.

• CEUS-R 641 Art & Music of 19th & 20th Century Hungary (3 cr.) The 19th and 20th centuries saw the birth of Hungary’s greatest artists and musicians, the development of national institutions in the arts, and debates over tradition vs. innovation, Hungarian folk elements vs. integration into Europe’s artistic mainstream. This course surveys these major developments in Hungarian visual art and music.

• CEUS-R 642 Bela Bartok: Composer in Context (3 cr.) This course surveys Bela Bartok’s major compositions and writings, exploring how his eclectic and contradictory works responded to changing artistic and political climates of east-central Europe in the twentieth century’s first half. Finally we will explore Bartok’s legacy on both sides of the Iron Curtain, and since 1989.

• CEUS-R 649 The Roma Through History, Music, and Film (3 cr.) Writers, artists, filmmakers, and composers have long exploited the exotic image of “Gypsies,” or Roma. Roma musicians are also indispensable to folk and popular music practices around Europe. This course will examine both how this “mysterious” group has been represented and how its members have responded creatively to these representations.

• CEUS-R 740 Seminar in Hungarian Studies (3 cr.) Seminar in Hungarian Studies introduces doctoral students to current areas of research in Hungarian studies, using primary sources, full review of secondary literature, sound philological methodology, and/or theoretically sophisticated research designs. Classes will address particular areas and issues of interest to faculty and advanced graduate students.

Iranian

• CEUS-R 551 Prophets, Poets, and Kings: Iranian Civilization (3 cr.) This course traces the history of Iranians from ancient times through the Arab conquest to today. It focuses on institutions, religions, secular and ecclesiastic hierarchies, minorties, devotional and communal change, and Iranian influences on Islam. No previous knowledge or course work required.

• CEUS-R 552 Peoples & Cultures of the Middle East (3 cr.) This ethnographic survey examines the social institutions and cultural forms in contemporary Middle Eastern societies-i.e., the Arab world, Israel, Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan. Topics include: ecology; Islam; pastoral nomadism, agriculture, and cities; colonialism and nation states; tribalism, ethnicity, and gender; and modernization, oil wealth, labor migration, and social unrest.

• CEUS-R 554 Persian Literature in Translation (3 cr.) Study and analysis of selected readings from Persian literature in English translation. May concentrate on a particular theme, period, or author. Special attention paid to the historical and cultural contexts of the works, as well as problems in translation, critical analysis, and interpretation. Repeatable w/different topic for 6 credits.

• CEUS-R 559 Topics in Iranian Studies (3 cr.) Topics in Iranian Studies is used for new classes in Iranian studies, aimed at M.A. and early Ph.D. students and/or upper division undergraduates. Such classes are typically taught by a mix of lecture and discussion.

• CEUS-R 650 Advanced Readings in Iranian Studies (1-6 cr.)

  This course number is for tutorials in advanced topics in Iranian studies.  Readings may include work on demanding classical texts or a survey of the secondary literature on a topic or some combination thereof.

• CEUS-R 750 Seminar in Iranian Studies (3 cr.)

  Seminar in Iranian Studies introduces doctoral students to current areas of research in Iranian studies, using primary sources, full review of secondary literature, sound philological methodology, and/or theoretically sophisticated research designs. Classes will address particular areas and issues of interest to faculty and advanced graduate students.

Mongolian

• CEUS-R 560 Modern Mongolia (3 cr.) In 1900 Mongolia was run by descendants of Genghis Khan and Buddhist lamas under China’s last dynasty. In 1950 it was Soviet Russia’s most loyal satellite, under the dictator Choibalsang. By 2000, Mongolia had become a democracy, with a struggling free-market economy. This course explores Mongolia’s wrenching changes since 1900.

• CEUS-R 561 Mongolia’s Middle Ages (3 cr.) This class covers the Mongolia’s “middle ages” between the Mongol world empire and the modern era: 1350 to 1850. Topics include the nobility, Oirats, Buddhist conversion, Manchu-Chinese rule, and Buriats and Kalmyks in Russia. Readings include modern histories and sources in translation studied in a format combining lecture and discussion.

• CEUS-R 562 Mongolian Civilization and Folk Culture (3 cr.) Introduction to Mongolian traditional civilization: material culture (dwelling, clothing, food, warfare, hunting, animal husbandry, crafts, agriculture, etc.), social and spiritual life (kinship, wedding, birth, names, childhood, races, medicine, death, folk religion, Buddhism, shamanism, values and taboos, omens), folk arts (music, oral literature, dance, etc.). No knowledge of Mongolian is required.

• CEUS-R 563 Mongolian Historical Writings (3 cr.) P: Intermediate Mongolian or Classical Mongolian. Overview of traditional Mongolian historiography and other Mongolian historical sources: secular and religious chronicles, genealogies, biographies, works, inscriptions, edicts, letters, etc. from Chinggis Khan’s time to the early twentieth century. A selection of sources of various genres are read, translated and analyzed, and their interpretation discussed.

• CEUS-R 564 Shamanism and Folk Religion of the Mongols (3 cr.) What is shamanism? What is its role in Mongol communities? Is it a religion? What is its relation to folk beliefs and world religions? Who becomes a shaman or shamaness? What skills, tools, and techniques are necessary? These questions will be discussed in this class; knowledge of Mongolian not required.

• CEUS-R 569 Topics in Mongolian Studies (3 cr.) Topics in Mongolian Studies is used for new classes in Mongolian studies, aimed at M.A. and early Ph.D. students and/or upper division under-graduates. Such classes are typically taught by a mix of lecture and discussion.

• CEUS-R 660 Advanced Readings in Mongolian Studies (1-6 cr.) This course number is for tutorials in advanced topics in Mongolian studies. Readings may include work on demanding classical texts or a survey of the secondary literature on a topic or some combination thereof.

• CEUS-R 661 Mongolian Literature and Folklore (3 cr.) Interaction of orality and writing. History of Mongol literary studies. Internal and external sources. Broad and narrow concepts of literature. Periods and areas. Connections with other arts and the sacred. Authorship and anonymity. Original and translated works. Indo-Tibetan, Chinese, Turkic and Western influences. Prose and verse. Narrative and lyric genres.

• CEUS-R 662 Modern Inner Mongolia (3 cr.) This course explores Inner Mongolia’s history from 1850 to today. Themes include Inner Mongolia as a bi-ethnic borderland, demography, the “New Schools Movement,” pan-Mongolism, land reform, development and the environment. Students will think through issues of ethnicity, state-building, and globalization in both Inner Asian and Chinese contexts.

• CEUS-R 666 Mongolian Languages and Dialects (3 cr.) The course investigates the following topics in all attested Mongolic languages: language and dialects; periods, sources, and scripts; vowels & vowel harmony; consonants; historical morphology; personal pronouns; the n-stems; changes in verb systems; plurals; fusion, contraction; syntax change; negation & interrogation; word order; lexicon and loan words.

• CEUS-R 667 Mongolic Writing Systems (3 cr.) The course discusses the writing systems used by medieval and modern Mongolic peoples, the origins, functions, and classifications of scripts, their relation to religion and statehood. Introduction is given to the Kitan, Uyghur, ‘Phags-pa, Galik, Oirat, etc. scripts, and to Mongolic in Manchu, Tibetan, Latin, Cyrillic and Arabic alphabets.

• CEUS-R 760 Seminar in Mongolian Studies (3 cr.) Seminar in Mongolian Studies introduces doctoral students to current areas of research in Mongolian studies, using primary sources, full review of secondary literature, sound philological methodology, and/or theoretically sophisticated research designs. Classes will address particular areas and issues of interest to faculty and advanced graduate students.

• CEUS-R 761 Ordos Documents (3 cr.) This course introduces (in original Mongolian with English translation) documents collected in the early twentieth century in southern Ordos (Inner Mongolia), which illustrate both Mongolian life and Mongolian studies methodology. The course’s aim is to understand pre-revolutionary Mongolian society through the use of native documentary material.

Tibetan

• CEUS-R 570 Introduction to the History of Tibet (3 cr.) This course surveys Tibet’s history from beginning to today. Students study facets of Tibet’s history that include: the Tibetan empire of the 7th-9th centuries, the impact of Buddhism, Tibet’s relations with neighboring peoples, the rise of the Dalai Lama, and the current issue of Tibet.

• CEUS-R 571 Tibet and the West (3 cr.) This course examines Western perceptions of Tibet during the past 700 years, comparing Tibetan civilization with popular conceptions that prevailed in the West during corresponding periods. Tibet as “Shangrila,” reflected in such novels and films as Lost Horizon, will be examined along with Tibetan perceptions of Westerners and Western civilization.

• CEUS-R 572 Sino-Tibetan Relations (3 cr.) This course surveys interaction between Tibet and China from beginnings to today, touching on political, cultural, economic, and religious links. Areas explored include the rise of Tibet as a dynamic empire competing with Tang China, religious links between Tibetan hierarchs and Chinese rulers, and conflict over Tibet’s incorporation into China.

• CEUS-R 573 The Religions of Tibet (3 cr.) This course surveys the history of Tibetan religions, and their impact on Tibetan society and culture. It will consider interactions between religions and politics and how they shaped public lifestyles, inspire movements, and molded identity through the centuries. Coverage will be both chronological and thematic.

• CEUS-R 579 Topics in Tibetan Studies (3 cr.) Topics in Tibetan Studies is used for new classes in Tibetan studies, aimed at M.A. and early Ph.D. students and/or upper division undergraduates. Such classes are typically taught by a mix of lecture and discussion.

• CEUS-R 670 Advanced Readings in Tibetan Studies (1-6 cr.) This course number is for tutorials in advanced topics in Tibetan studies. Readings may include work on demanding classical texts or a survey of the secondary literature on a topic or some combination thereof.

• CEUS-R 770 Seminar in Tibetan Studies (3 cr.) Seminar in Tibetan Studies introduces doctoral students to current areas of research in Tibetan studies, using primary sources, full review of secondary literature, sound philological methodology, and/or theoretically sophisticated research designs. Classes will address particular areas and issues of interest to faculty and advanced graduate students.

• CEUS-R 771 Introduction to Chinese Sources for Tibetan Studies (3 cr.) This course introduces the voluminous corpus of Chinese-language sources on Tibet: standard histories, unofficial histories, geographies, literary compositions, collectanea, etc. They will learn how to locate, handle, and navigate these materials.  Students will also learn the major modern works of Chinese Tibetology, including journals and Chinese-language translations of Tibetan writings. 

Turkish

• CEUS-R 580 Literature of the Ottoman Court in Translation (3 cr.) The course involves reading and analyzing representative literary texts of the Ottoman court, both poetry and prose. It introduces various literary forms of Ottoman authors: gazel, kaside, mesnevi, tezkire, etc. We will use both the classical Ottoman canon, as well as modern and contemporary theoretical approaches for interpretation.

• CEUS-R 582 Cultural History of the Ottoman Empire & Modern Turkey (3 cr.) This course introduces the rich and varied cultures of Turkey, from Ottoman times to today.  It covers issues such as: literary and vernacular languages, women, Kemal Ataturk, Turkish Islams; education; Kurdish nationalism; and Turkey and Europe. Along with readings, Turkish films and other visual materials will be used.

• CEUS-R 583 Ten Sultans, One Empire: Ottoman Classical Age 1300-1600 (3 cr.) (Currently this course is not offered.) This course traces the Ottoman Empire from its beginnings to its height under Suleyman the Magnificent. Themes include: Turks before the empire; Asia Minor before the Turks; rival principalities; centralization; Ottomans as European and Middle Eastern; economy, society, religion, law, learning; ethnic/cultural diversity; and the “classical age” as a concept.

• CEUS-R 589 Topics in Turkish Studies (3-4 cr.) Topics in Turkish Studies is used for new classes in Turkish studies, aimed at M.A. and early Ph.D. students and/or upper division undergraduates. Such classes are typically taught by a mix of lecture and discussion.

• CEUS-R 680 Advanced Readings in Turkish Studies (1-6 cr.) This course number is for tutorials in advanced topics in Turkish studies. Readings may include work on demanding classical texts or a survey of the secondary literature on a topic or some combination thereof.

• CEUS-R 780 Seminar in Turkish Studies (3 cr.) Seminar in Turkish Studies introduces doctoral students to current areas of research in Turkish studies, using primary sources, full review of secondary literature, sound philological methodology, and/or theoretically sophisticated research designs. Classes will address particular areas and issues of interest to faculty and advanced graduate students.

General

• CEUS-R 592 Uralic Peoples & Cultures (3 cr.) This course surveys the Uralic (Finno-Ugric and Samoyed) peoples of northern Europe and Siberia. Topics include their origins and history, traditional and modern cultures, ethnic and national identity, development and modernization, and political independence and Russian rule. We will also cover inter-relations among Uralic peoples in the modern era.

• CEUS-R 593 The Mongol Century (3 cr.) This course explores in depth Chinggis Khan’s Mongol empire from its origins in the 13th century to the continent-wide break down of the 1330-1370s. Format alternates lectures and discussion of primary sources (Mongolian, Chinese, Middle Eastern, and European) in translation, including many of the medieval era’s greatest histories and travelogues.

• CEUS-R 594 Environmental Problems and Social Constraints in Northern and Central Eurasia (3 cr.) This course analyzes for undergraduate and graduate students environmental and social conditions in the immense region of Northern and Central Eurasia (former Soviet Union). The course covers; 1) general environment and political situation; 2) environmental transformation under Soviet rule; 3) environmental and public health problems; 4) conclusions on current trends.

• CEUS-R 595 Politics of Identity in China and Inner Asia (3 cr.) This course challenges the assumption that terms like “Chinese,” “Taiwanese,” or “Kazakh” represent straightforward concepts.  Via theories of identity, and careful attention to the history of China and Inner Asia, we will explore - and explode - the association of identity and descent, language and ethnicity, citizenship and nationality.

• CEUS-R 596 The Rus, Khazars, and Bolgars (3 cr.) Three kaganates—Rus’ (the precursor of Russia), Khazar, and Bolgar—vied for power in the early medieval Eurasian steppe. These states, one Slavic and two Turkic-speaking, created the first cities in the region; Christian, Judaic, and Islamic conversions followed. Course examines all three kaganates equally in their aspects and interrelations.

• CEUS-R 599 Topics in Central Eurasian Studies (3 cr.) Topics in Central Eurasian Studies is used for new classes in Central Eurasian studies, aimed at M.A. and early Ph.D. students and/or upper division undergraduates. Such classes are typically taught by a mix of lecture and discussion.

• CEUS-R 690 Advanced Readings in Central Eurasian Studies (1-6 cr.) This course number is for tutorials in advanced topics in Central Eurasian studies that cover multiple CEUS areas or do not fit comfortably in any specific area. Readings may include work on demanding classical texts or a survey of the secondary literature on a topic or some combination thereof.

• CEUS-R 691 CEUS M.A. Thesis Research (3 cr.) This course is required for all CEUS graduate students seeking a master’s degree who have not written a thesis for a previous M.A. degree. It is normally taken during the fourth or fifth semester of a student’s enrollment concurrently with writing a thesis.  It is not repeatable.

• CEUS-R 693 Theorizing Central Eurasia: The Problems of Nationalism (3 cr.) This course introduces students to nationalism’s key works and questions. How are nations and nationalism related?  Are nations imagined and invented or ancient and enduring?  Are nationalism, communism, and religiosity necessarily opposed? Are indigenous nationalisms more authentic than “official nationalisms”? Is Central Eurasian nationalism a “derivative discourse,” imported from elsewhere?

• CEUS-R 696 Manchu Historical Sources (3 cr.) Reading and analyzing materials in Standard (Classical) and in Pre-Classical Manchu script. Overview of Manchu historiography. Documents, decrees, annals, chronicles (the Veritable Records), biographies or genealogies (the Clear Registers), itineraries (e.g., Tulishen’s Travels), imperial inscriptions, inscriptions on cannons, narratives (e.g., Song Yun’s talks about Russo-Manchu trade relations).

• CEUS-R 697 Soviet & Post-Soviet Nationality Policies & Problems (3 cr.) Course devoted to nationality problems in the USSR, focusing on the Gorbachev period. Reviews theories of nationalism, history of Soviet nationality policy, and specifics of individual republics. Concludes with consideration of issues during glasnost, and their significance in various republics across USSR: environmental, history/culture, language, economic development, and migration.

• CEUS-R 698 Empire & Ethnicity in Modern Russia (3 cr.) Comparative study of the concept of empire and the rise of national movements among the major nationalities in tsarist Russia and the USSR from the mid-19th century to the post-Soviet era. Focuses on imperialism, nationality policy, and factors shaping the evolution of national identity.

• CEUS-R 699 Central Eurasian Languages (3 cr.) This course examines the Central Eurasian languages and recent linguistic work on them. The Sprachbund (‘linguistic area’) theory is examined, as are major relationship theories, both divergent (‘genetic’) and convergent. Families covered include Finno-Ugric, Indo-European, Mongolic, Puyo-Koguryoic, Tibeto-Burman, Tungusic, and Turkic. No prior knowledge of Central Eurasian languages assumed.

• CEUS-R 790 Seminar in Central Eurasian Studies (3 cr.) Seminar in Central Eurasian Studies introduces doctoral students to current areas of research in Central Eurasian studies, using primary sources, full review of secondary literature, sound philological methodology, and/or theoretically sophisticated research designs. Classes will address particular areas and issues of interest to faculty and advanced graduate students.

• CEUS-R 890 Ph.D. Thesis (1-6 cr.) This course serves two purposes: 1) it may be used for credit for advanced readings related to doctoral research; 2) it maintains one’s student status as Ph.D. candidate (“ABD”) while researching and writing the Ph.D. dissertation. In either function, this class is repeatable.

Languages

Azerbaijani

• CEUS-T 583 Introductory Azerbaijani I (3 cr.) Introductory Azerbaijani I stresses a communicative/interactive approach. We learn to handle basic everyday situations, such as greetings, asking information, buying things, travel, phone calls, writing letters and so on. Every day at least a portion of class time will be devoted to the cultural aspects of the Azerbaijani society.

• CEUS-T 584 Introductory Azerbaijani II (3 cr.) P: Grade of “B” or higher in CEUS-T583 or equivalent. Introductory Azerbaijani II continues Introductory Azerbaijani I.

• CEUS-T 683 Intermediate Azerbaijani I (3 cr.) P: Grade of “B” or higher in CEUS-T 584 or equivalent. Intermediate Azerbaijani (Azeri) will use free discourse, prompted discussions, interviews, team activities, oral presentations, written exercises, video-based discussions, and grammar drills to expand first-year skills. Classes will be in Azerbaijani, with only some grammatical explanations or spot translations in English. Authentic Azerbaijani language materials are used throughout the course.

• CEUS-T 684 Intermediate Azerbaijani II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in CEUS T683 or equivalent. Introductory Azerbaijani II continues Intermediate Azerbaijani I.

Chaghatay

• CEUS-T 623 Chaghatay (3 cr.) P: Knowledge of one modern Turkic language or consent of instructor required; acquaintance with Persian is desirable. This course gives a basic knowledge of Chaghatay, the classical version of Uzbek and the common literary language of all Central Asian Turks from the 15th to the early 20th century. The course surveys Chaghatay literature, grammar, and the writing system together with the reading of Chaghatay texts, chiefly historical.

Estonian

• CEUS-T 503 Introductory Estonian I (3 cr.) Assuming no previous knowledge of Estonian, Introductory Estonian I emphasizes oral communications, with attention to reading, writing, speaking and listening. With basic vocabulary and structures, students can talk about themselves and immediate surroundings, interact in service encounters, read short texts and write notes. Students also learn about Estonian culture.

• CEUS-T 504 Introductory Estonian II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T503 or equivalent. Introductory Estonian II uses a communicative approach to introduce Estonian pronunciation and basic grammar (morphology and syntax), and teach vocabulary and structures for everyday conversation. Up-to-date textbooks, audio- and videotapes, and authentic materials (newspapers, schedules, advertisements, the Internet etc.) will be employed to enhance language learning and provide cultural information.

• CEUS-T 603 Intermediate Estonian I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T504 or equivalent. This course builds on skills acquired during Introductory Estonian. First-year topics are reviewed in more detail and new topics, such as seasons, holidays, traditions and customs added. Longer reading texts are introduced. Video materials train listening comprehension. Conversation skills are developed beyond the structured exchanges learned at the Intro level.

• CEUS-T 604 Intermediate Estonian II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T603 or equivalent. Intermediate Estonian II finishes covering Estonian grammatical structures (morphology and syntax) and develops skills by reading, conversation, discussion, oral presentations, a weekly journal, short essays, and listening. Materials introduce Estonian culture, including current press sources (print and Internet), short fiction, poetry, documentaries, feature films, and new news programs.

• CEUS-T 703 Advanced Estonian I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T604 or equivalent. This course builds students’ confidence as language users via class discussion of newspaper articles, fiction and poetry, class presentations, journal entries, summaries of articles, films and news clips, short essays, TV broadcasts, and audio tape recordings. We focus on structures of formal written Estonian and different registers of oral production.

• CEUS-T 704 Advanced Estonian II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T703 or equivalent. Advanced Estonian II consolidates students’ knowledge of Estonian structure, and adds to vocabulary, especially in students’ areas of interest. While speaking, reading, listening and writing are developed, this course has more emphasis on reading and writing. Independent work and student contribution a must; class is tailored to individual interests.

• CEUS-T 803 ADLS-Estonian (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T704 or equivalent. (Currently this course is not offered.) In this class, students who have finished Advanced Estonian II may continue language learning in topic areas of interest. Students submit to the IAUNRC a proposal specifying instructor, materials to be studied, and a methodology for improving language skills. Enrollment is contingent upon receiving an ADLS grant from the IAUNRC.

Finnish

• CEUS-T 501 Introductory Finnish I (3 cr.) This course introduces Finnish to students with no previous knowledge. We emphasize skills for everyday situations in Finland. You will also understand simple spoken Finnish for familiar topics and grasp the main points of brief messages. You will also learn the basic facts of Finnish culture and history.

• CEUS-T 502 Introductory Finnish II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T501 or equivalent. Introductory Finnish II continues Introductory Finnish I.

• CEUS-T 601 Intermediate Finnish I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T502 or equivalent. Intermediate Finnish I helps students who know the basics of Finnish to communicate in situations related to study, work and leisure, while learning specific issues of Finnish culture and history. Methods are learner centered, communicative and often problem-based, involving both instructor and peer learners.

• CEUS-T 602 Intermediate Finnish II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T601 or equivalent. Intermediate Finnish II continues Intermediate Finnish I.

• CEUS-T 701 Advanced Finnish I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T602 or equivalent. This course teaches advanced skills desirable for academic life and work. The goal is to communicate effectively in demanding oral and written situations, and to handle both writing and speech on demanding topics. You will also widen your knowledge on Finnish culture and history.

• CEUS-T 702 Advanced Finnish II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T701 or equivalent. This course teaches advanced skills desirable for academic life and work. The goal is to communicate effectively in demanding oral and written situations, and to understand both writing and speech on demanding topics. You will also widen your knowledge on Finnish culture and history.

• CEUS-T 801 ADLS-Finnish (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T702 or equivalent. (Currently this course is not offered.) In this class, students who have finished Advanced Finnish II may continue language learning in topic areas of interest. Students submit to the IAUNRC a proposal specifying instructor, materials to be studied, and a methodology for improving language skills. Enrollment is contingent upon receiving an ADLS grant from the IAUNRC.

Hungarian

• CEUS-T 541 Introductory Hungarian I (3 cr.) Introductory Hungarian enables students to converse about basic topics, meet basic communicative needs, and read and write short texts with simple sentence patterns and everyday topics. Students learn to use fundamental Hungarian structures with comfort and confidence. Students also learn about Hungarian lifestyle, society and culture.

• CEUS-T 542 Introductory Hungarian II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T541 or equivalent. In Introductory Hungarian II, daily classes focus: listening to and conducting conversations, intonation exercises, grammar exercises and writing simple dialogues and essays. Topics include: traveling, work, housing, shopping, post office and bank, family. Important possessive structures and sentences as well as indefinite and definite verb conjugations are introduced.

• CEUS-T 641 Intermediate Hungarian I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T542 or equivalent. Intermediate Hungarian helps students converse more fluently about personal and simple academic topics, articulate their feelings and opinions, read short literary and scholarly texts, and write for basic personal, business, and academic purposes. Authentic texts and video teach about the life-style and social-historical facts of Hungary.

• CEUS-T 642 Intermediate Hungarian II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T641. Intermediate Hungarian helps students converse more fluently about personal and simple academic topics, articulate their feelings and opinions, read short literary and scholarly texts, and write for basic personal, business, and academic purposes. Authentic texts and video teach about Hungary. Moderately complex grammatical forms are introduced.

• CEUS-T 741 Advanced Hungarian I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T642 or equivalent. Assuming four semesters of Hungarian and substantial knowledge of grammar, syntax, and vocabulary, this course will enable students to converse about moderately complex personal, social, and academic topics, to read and understand a full range of literary genres, and to write and translate to meet most personal and academic needs.

• CEUS-T 742 Advanced Hungarian II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T741 or equivalent. In this course, students continue to learn how to converse about moderately complex personal, social, and academic topics, read and understand a range of genres, and write and translate for personal and academic needs. Based on readings, students extend vocabulary and develop a more academic style for conversation and writing.

• CEUS-T 841 ADLS-Hungarian (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T742 or equivalent. (Currently this course is not offered.) In this class, students who have finished Advanced Hungarian II may continue language learning in topic areas of interest. Students submit to the IAUNRC a proposal specifying instructor, materials to be studied, and a methodology for improving language skill. Enrollment is contingent upon receiving an ADLS grant from the IAUNRC.

Iranian

• CEUS-T 656 Middle Iranian Languages (3 cr.) This variable title course introduces one or more of the following Iranian languages dating from the first to twelfth centuries: Middle Persian (Pahlavi); Middle Parthian and Manichaean Middle Persian; Sogdian; Bactrain and Saka. Documents are drawn from manuscripts, manuscript fragments, and/or inscriptions. Repeatable up to four times with different topic.

• CEUS-T 658 Old Iranian Languages (3 cr.) Course covers alphabets, grammar, vocabulary, reading, translation, and analysis of texts in two Old Iranian languages: Avestan and Old Persian. Religious and sociopolitical documents will be examined from eighteenth to first centuries BCE through manuscripts and inscriptions. Can be taken twice with different topics.

Kazakh

• CEUS-T 513 Introductory Kazakh I (3 cr.) This class introduces basic communication skills in Kazakh.  Students learn the sounds, alphabet, and basic grammar. Upon finishing, students will be able to use Kazakh in basic communicative contexts. Readings, class discussions, listening activities adapted from Kazakh language media programs. Films and extra-curricular cultural activities develop awareness of Kazakh culture.

• CEUS-T 514 Introductory Kazakh II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T513 or equivalent. This class offers basic communication skills and basic grammar of Kazakh. You will master simple to moderately complex sentences. Listening to Kazakh language media programs, film viewing, and cultural activities will also develop awareness of Kazakh culture. As textbooks are lacking, teaching materials are distributed via handouts and copies.

• CEUS-T 613 Intermediate Kazakh I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T514 or equivalent. Intermediate Kazakh builds on and extends the foundations established in Introductory Kazakh to improve basic language skills: speaking, reading, writing, listening. Its primary goal is to improve communicative competence and to enable learners to handle a variety of immediate everyday situations related to academic life.

• CEUS-T 614 Intermediate Kazakh II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T613 or equivalent. Intermediate Kazakh’s primary goal is to teach students to use Kazakh for everyday situations and purposes related to work and social life. Lessons are in Kazakh only, except some grammar analogues. Components include grammar structures, small texts, vocabulary, listening activities, and writing exercises.

• CEUS-T 713 Advanced Kazakh I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in CEUS T 614 or equivalent. Advanced Kazakh I familiarizes students with key parts of life in contemporary Kazakhstan.  While improving speaking, listening, reading and writing, students will also do occasional translations. Building on previous levels with stimulating and challenging activities, including listening to narratives, radio interviews, etc., students will forge accurate and fluent communication skills.

• CEUS-T 714 Advanced Kazakh II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T713 or equivalent. In Advanced Kazakh II we will keep introducing contemporary Kazakhstan, so students will have vocabulary to communicate according properly in different situations, purposes, and roles. Listening materials include narratives, radio interviews, “Cenasianet” language programs, Kazakh fiction, and newspapers. Teaching materials will be distributed in hand outs and copies.

• CEUS-T 813 ADLS-Kazakh (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T714 or equivalent. (Currently this course is not offered.) In this class, students who have finished Advanced Kazakh II may continue language learning in topic areas of interest. Students submit to the IAUNRC a proposal specifying instructor, materials to be studied, and a methodology for improving language skills. Enrollment is contingent upon receiving an ADLS grant from the IAUNRC.

Mongolian

• CEUS-T 561 Introductory Mongolian I (3 cr.) Introductory Mongolian I introduces students to modern Mongolian in the Cyrillic script, introducing basic Mongolian pronunciation and grammar, along with knowledge of Mongolian culture and traditions. By the end of the semester, students can conduct everyday conversations and use Mongolian’s main cases and verb tenses in conversation and writing.

• CEUS-T 562 Introductory Mongolian II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T561 or equivalent. In this course, we expand the competencies already mastered in Introductory Mongolian I. By the end of the semester students can use the main cases and finite verb tenses, as well as some modals (converbs) and simple compound sentences. Students also learn about Mongolian culture by reading simple folk tales.

• CEUS-T 661 Intermediate Mongolian I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T562 or equivalent. This course expands the basic Mongolian conversation, grammar, reading and writing skills mastered in first year. The most useful kinds of compound and complex sentences of Mongolian are introduced and skills developed to use them in conversation and writing. Students also learn more about Mongolian culture and traditions.

• CEUS-T 662 Intermediate Mongolian II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T661. This course expands the basic Mongolian conversation, grammar, reading and writing skills introduced in the first semester. Students master the most useful kinds of compound and complex sentences of Mongolian and voice infixes in conversation and writing. Students also learn more about Mongolian culture and traditions.

• CEUS-T 663 Classical Mongolian I (3 cr.) Introduction to Classical Mongolian and its relation to the living spoken languages and dialects. Topics include the Mongolian vertical script, its origin, graphemes and allographs, vowel and consonantal graphemes, orthography, punctuation, numbers, a skeletal grammar, word formation, syntax. Format is reading, analyzing, and translating texts in transcription and original script.

• CEUS-T 664 Classical Mongolian II (3 cr.) P: Classical Mongolian I. Reading and interpreting various old and new Classical Mongolian texts in Uyghur script, grammatical analysis and translation into Modern Mongolian and English.

• CEUS-T 761 Advanced Mongolian I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T662 or equivalent. Students first review compound and complex sentences and then develop a sense of Mongolian literary style through the reading of diverse materials. In-class oral presentations, discussions, and role-plays help students to increase their fluency. Students are introduced to translation, and their knowledge of Mongolian culture and history is enhanced.

• CEUS-T 762 Advanced Mongolian II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T761 or equivalent. Class objectives are: 1) develop a sense of Mongolian literary style through reading diverse materials; 2) improve fluency by oral presentations, class discussions, and role-playing; 3) Practice formal translation using internet and newspaper materials; 4) develop knowledge of Mongolian culture and literary history.

• CEUS-T 861 ADLS-Mongolian (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T762 or equivalent. (Currently this course is not offered.) In this class, students who have finished Advanced Mongolian II may continue language learning in topic areas of interest.  Students submit to the IAUNRC a proposal specifying instructor, materials to be studied, and a methodology for improving language skills.  Enrollment is contingent upon receiving an ADLS grant from the IAUNRC.

Pashto

• CEUS-T 553 Introductory Pashto I (3 cr.) Introduces the Pashto language of Afghanistan. By practicing listening, speaking, reading, and writing, students are familiarized with the alphabet and sound system, basic structures and ordinary usage. By the end of the semester, the student will have mastered simple sentences and can ask and answer simple questions on familiar topics.

• CEUS-T 554 Introductory Pashto II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T553 or equivalent. Strengthens and improves skills gained in the previous semester. Students move into new topics such as personal information, daily activities, and expanded grammar structures. By the end of the course, the student will read simple prose texts, deal with everyday situations, and respond to requests on familiar topics.

• CEUS-T 653 Intermediate Pashto I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in CEUS T554 or equivalent. Improves communicative skills to meet ordinary social situations and express interests and personal needs such as inquiring about one’s surroundings, getting directions, buying food, going out to eat, etc. By the end, the student should be able to communicate and ask of questions about familiar topics using learned grammatical structures.

• CEUS-T 654 Intermediate Pashto II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T653 or equivalent. This class extends Pashto language skills, introducing materials on social interactions, current daily life, and culture. We build grammatical and lexical knowledge of learners with stimulating and challenging activities. By the end of the semester, students will converse confidently in routine tasks and social situations.

• CEUS-T 753 Advanced Pashto I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T654 or equivalent. Course materials relate to the Pashtunwali, customs, commerce, news channels in Afghanistan and more. Students will be able to participate in exchanges about work and home, converse on many familiar topics, narrate and describe in all time frames (present, future, and past), and read texts of medium complexity.

• CEUS-T 754 Advanced Pashto II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T753 or equivalent Advanced Pashto II continues Advanced Pashto I.  Students participate in exchanges about work and home, converse on many familiar topics, narrate and describe in all tenses (past, present, future), and read texts of medium complexity.  Course materials related to the Pashtunwali; customs, commerce, news channels in Afghanistan and more.

Persian

• CEUS-T 551 Introductory Persian I (3 cr.) This class introduces basic communication skills in Modern Standard Persian and familiarizes students with Persian’s sounds, alphabet, and basic grammar. Students will learn to read, write, speak, and comprehend simple to moderately complex sentences. Readings, class conversations, media programs, film viewing, and cultural activities will also introduce Persian culture.

• CEUS-T 552 Introductory Persian II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T551 or equivalent. This course continues Introductory Persian 1. While working further on basic sentence structure, we will develop greater fluency in pronunciation, reading, and writing. Our aim is a working vocabulary of 700 words; we will also begin studying compound verbs and other idiomatic expressions. Internet resources will be used extensively.

• CEUS-T 651 Intermediate Persian I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in CEUS T552 or equivalent. Welcome to Intermediate Persian!  After starting with a grammar review, we will cover a wide range of topics, and intermediate to advanced grammar.

• CEUS-T 652 Intermediate Persian II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in CEUS T651 or equivalent. This course continues Intermediate Persian I, concentrating on complex grammatical structures and vocabulary acquisition. Emphasizing reading and writing skills, we will also work on fluency in modern colloquial pronunciation (Tehran dialect). We will study texts drawn from textbooks, modern Iranian publications and authentic materials, and Internet resources.

• CEUS-T 659 Research in Classical Persian Texts (3 cr.) P: T652, its equivalent, or special permission of the instructor. The classical Persian tradition holds a distinguished place in human thought and culture. This course introduces aspects of that rich legacy. Students will learn what distinguishes classical Persian from modern, and master research tools and reference works. Readings taken from textbooks to reflect the range of classical Persian texts.

• CEUS-T 751 Advanced Persian I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T652 or equivalent. In this course, students will examine the classical Persian tradition’s rich legacy of historical, literary, and religious writings. Students will learn the grammatical and lexical differences distinguishing classical from modern Persian, and will be introduced to basic research tools and reference works. Readings cover the range of classical Persian texts.

• CEUS-T 752 Advanced Persian II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T751 or equivalent. Advanced Persian II continues Advanced Persian I.

• CEUS-T 851 ADLS-Persian (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T752 or equivalent. (Currently this course is not offered.) In this class, students who have finished Advanced Persian II may continue language learning in topic areas of interest. Students submit to the IAUNRC a proposal specifying instructor, materials to be studied, and a methodology for improving language skills. Enrollment is contingent upon receiving an ADLS grant from the IAUNRC.

Tajik

• CEUS-T 515 Introductory Tajik I (3 cr.) This course introduces the language and culture of the Tajiks of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. You will learn enough Tajii to greet people, maintain simple conversations, handle basic survival needs, read signs, and short narratives, and fill out a form or take a message. You will also learn about Tajikistan.

• CEUS-T 516 Introductory Tajik II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T515 or equivalent. Introductory Tajik II continues and expands what is learned in Introductory Tajik I.

• CEUS-T 615 Intermediate Tajik I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T516 or equivalent. Intermediate Tajik follows the communicative approach, enabling learners to interact successfully in everyday and workplace situations. Authentic Tajik language materials used include videos and audio-taped materials, and printed texts. Focused drills present grammatical structures;  explanations and paradigms are minimized. Materials also familiarize students about life for Tajiks.

• CEUS-T 616 Intermediate Tajik II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in CEUS T615 or equivalent. Intermediate Tajik II continues and expands what is learned in Intermediate Tajik I.

Tibetan

• CEUS-T 571 Introductory Tibetan I (3 cr.) Introductory Tibetan I introduces Tibetan language basics to students with no previous background. We will begin speaking, listening, reading and writing. We cover the basic grammar, build vocabulary, and develop idiomatic usage needed in everyday communication. The course will also introduce learners to Tibetan culture and daily life.

• CEUS-T 572 Introductory Tibetan II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T571 or equivalent. Introductory Tibetan II is a further introduction to the basics of Tibetan language. While expanding the competencies developed in the previous semester, students receive daily written, reading and audio home assignments. Conversation preparation is also required. We also have coffee hours to enable students to talk to Tibetan native speakers.

• CEUS-T 573 Practical Tibetan (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T572 or equivalent. This course offers continuing study in Tibetan classical and modern languages. Materials include instructor’s handouts, audio-visual materials, books and online materials such as from the Tibetan and Himalayan Digital Library (www.thdl.org) will be used for language teaching purposes. Open to students who have completed Introductory to Advanced Tibetan language.

• CEUS-T 671 Intermediate Tibetan I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T572 or equivalent. Intermediate Tibetan further develops the students’ ability to use Tibetan language for meaningful communication. Speaking, listening, reading and writing skills are developed throughout the course with due attention to grammar. Special attention is devoted to classical Tibetan readings.

• CEUS-T 672 Intermediate Tibetan II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T671 or equivalent. Intermediate Tibetan II is mainly aimed at the further development of the students’ abilities with basic features of Tibetan language. In addition to the textbook, other materials such as short stories, articles etc., will be used for students’ daily writing and reading assignments.

• CEUS-T 673 Old Tibetan (3 cr.) Introduction to the earliest known form of the Tibetan language, from 649 to 975 A.D. There is a vast, but little known corpus of material written in Old Tibetan. This practical and philological introduction covers Old Tibetan phonology, morphology, and syntax, and introduces the comparative-historical study of Tibetan.

• CEUS-T 674 Amdo Dialect Tibetan (3 cr.) This course introduces basic communication skills in the Tibetan Amdo Dialect, spoken in Tibet’s Amdo region and parts of Kham. Course materials include instructor’s handouts, audio-visual materials, books and online materials such as those from the Tibetan and Himalayan Digital Library (www.thdl.org).

• CEUS-T 676 Readings in Modern Tibetan Texts (3 cr.) This course allows students interested in the modern Tibetan language to improve their skills in handling literary Tibetan materials and documents produced in Tibetan areas of the PRC and in exile.

• CEUS-T 771 Advanced Tibetan I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T672 or equivalent. Advanced Tibetan I helps students acquire advanced skills in an academic and professional manner. Students expand their knowledge of grammar with reading and composition exercises, and translate general texts from Tibetan into English. The course will focus on reading in modern and classical Tibetan.

• CEUS-T 772 Advanced Tibetan II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T771 or equivalent. This course will further develop advanced skills desirable for academic and professional work. The materials are selected from writings and translations of classical and modern Tibetan. Daily writing and translation assignments. Knowledge of Tibetan culture and history also taught.

• CEUS-T 871 ADLS-Tibetan (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T772 or equivalent. (Currently this course is not offered.) In this class, students who have finished Advanced Tibetan II may continue language learning in topic areas of interest.  Students submit to the IAUNRC a proposal specifying instructor, materials to be studied, and a methodology for improving language skills. Enrollment is contingent upon receiving an ADLS grant from the IAUNRC.

Turkish

• CEUS-T 581 Introductory Turkish I (3 cr.) Introductory Turkish I introduces English-speaking students to Turkish. Students build basic proficiency in modern Turkish and communicate at beginner’s level in everyday situations. Listening, speaking, reading, and writing are covered in classroom activities and at-home practice and a sound linguistic and cultural foundation is laid for future studies of Turkish.

• CEUS-T 582 Introductory Turkish II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T581 or equivalent. Introductory Turkish II continues Introductory Turkish I, expanding at a higher level basic competencies previously mastered. Students develop communicative skills as they assimilate the basics of Turkish grammar. In addition to the textbook, we use other media such as short video clips from Turkish television, songs, and newspaper articles.

• CEUS-T 681 Intermediate Turkish I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T582 or equivalent. Intermediate Turkish I expands the communicative skills, grammar and vocabulary skills mastered in Introductory Turkish. Class activities and homework involve listening, speaking, reading and writing. Special attention paid to building richer vocabulary, developing competence in the  vernacular, and improving reading. Recordings, films, handicrafts, and cartoons used in context.

• CEUS-T 682 Intermediate Turkish II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T681 or equivalent. Intermediate Turkish II continues Intermediate Turkish I.

• CEUS-T 685 Introductory Ottoman Turkish I (3 cr.) The first semester focuses on the Arabic script as used in Ottoman. Relevant Arabic and Persian grammar will be incorporated into the lectures and exercises. We will read and analyze (morphology and syntax) twentieth-century printed Ottoman texts. Course structure adjusted according to students’ level as determined by ACTFL assessment.

• CEUS-T 686 Introductory Ottoman Turkish II (3 cr.) Introductory Ottoman Turkish II continues Introductory Ottoman Turkish I, and prepares students for a smooth transition toward reading authentic printed Ottoman materials. Semester concludes with an introduction to manuscripts. The course emphasizes reading, but writing not neglected. Relevant Arabic and Persian grammar incorporated into lectures and exercises.

• CEUS-T 687 Advanced Ottoman Turkish I (3 cr.) The course is designed to train students in deciphering and understanding advanced level Ottoman literary sources. These include poetry collections, biographies of poets, travel literature, and hagiographic manuscripts and other Ottoman sources of Islam. Students will also be introduced to major scholarly figures, theories, secondary, and especially primary sources.

• CEUS-T 688 Advanced Ottoman Turkish II (3 cr.) In addition to deciphering texts, the course will focus on genealogies of the historical Turkish lexicon. Instructor will guide the students throughout the semester in developing these skills by providing them with hundreds of examples, and the scholarly tools and methodologies that are fundamental in historicizing Turkish words and suffixes.

• CEUS-T 781 Advanced Turkish I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T682 or equivalent. Advanced Turkish is based on authentic materials such as watching Turkish TV news via Oncourse, and writing a report on it. All language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) are improved in class activities. At coffee hours students can interact with native speakers in a friendly environment.

• CEUS-T 782 Advanced Turkish II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T781 or equivalent. Advanced Turkish II is a fun way to learn Turkish, with new and improved materials and an interactive method. Instruction is based on authentic materials, such as Turkish TV via Oncourse. At coffee hours students can interact with native speakers in a friendly environment.

• CEUS-T 785 Media Turkish I (3 cr.) P: Advanced Turkish or permission of instructor. It addresses the needs of students of Turkish in coping with the linguistic and cognitive difficulties associated with media language. It improves students’ linguistic skills for better comprehension of the contemporary language as manifested in the Turkish media. Up-to-date socio-political issues associated with these texts will also be discussed.

• CEUS-T 786 Media Turkish II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or better in T785 or equivalent. As opposed to “Media Turkish I” whose focus was reading comprehension, “Media Turkish II” centers around oral comprehension. Authentic materials from the Turkish media are incorporated into the teaching schedule in an effort to help students develop their listening comprehension skills. The instructor provides the current TV recordings via satellite.

• CEUS-T 881 ADLS-Turkish (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T782 or equivalent. (Currently this course is not offered.) In this class, students who have finished Advanced Turkish II may continue language learning in topic areas of interest. Students submit to the IAUNRC a proposal specifying instructor, materials to be studied, and a methodology for improving language skills. Enrollment is contingent upon receiving an ADLS grant from the IAUNRC.

Turkmen

• CEUS-T 517 Introductory Turkmen I (3 cr.) Introductory Turkmen enables learners to interact successfully in everyday and workplace situations in the target language and culture at a proficiency level of 1 (ILR guidelines). Authentic Turkmen language materials - video- and audio-taped materials, printed texts - are used throughout. Grammatical structures are presented within focused drills.

• CEUS-T 518 Introductory Turkmen II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in CEUS T517 or equivalent.  Introductory Turkmen II continues Introductory Turkmen I.

• CEUS-T 617 Intermediate Turkmen I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in CEUS T518 or equivalent. Intermediate Turkmen follows the communicative approach, enabling learners to interact successfully in everyday and workplace situations. Authentic Turkmen language materials used include videos and audio-taped materials, and printed texts. Focused drills present grammatical structures; explanations and paradigms are minimized. Newspaper materials update project materials on Turkmenistan’s changing life.

• CEUS-T 618 Intermediate Turkmen II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in CEUS T617 or equivalent. Intermediate Turkmen II continues Intermediate Turkmen I.

Uyghur

• CEUS-T 531 Introductory Uyghur I (3 cr.) Introductory Uyghur I introduces basic Uyghur language: the Uyghur script, phonetic rules, and basic grammar of the literary Uyghur language. Students also learn about Uyghur lifestyle, society and culture. Daily class activities involve: conversations; pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar exercises; simple dialogues and texts. Considerable independent preparation outside of class required.

• CEUS-T 532 Introductory Uyghur II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T531 or equivalent. Introductory Uyghur II continues Introductory Uyghur I. Students will develop their skills in listening, reading, speaking and writing, to begin mastering literary Uyghur language. Uyghur audio and video cassettes and visuals illustrate contemporary Uyghur cultural life. Opportunity for personal expression comes in partner and group work.

• CEUS-T 631 Intermediate Uyghur I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T532. Intermediate Uyghur will expand the learner’s grammatical, lexical, and functional skills. Listening activities involve narratives, interviews from RFA (Uyghur Erkin Asiya Radiosi), Uyghur TV, etc. Partner work and discussions are also used. Contemporary Eastern Turkestan’s society will be introduced, so students can communicate properly in different situations, purposes, and roles.

• CEUS-T 632 Intermediate Uyghur II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T631 or equivalent. Intermediate Uyghur II is much like Intermediate Uyghur I. While developing skills, we will introduce contemporary Eastern Turkestan, its culture and mentality, so students may communicate effectively. Also included: translation skills, partner work and discussions, authentic listening and video material. Independent work out of class is an essential part.

• CEUS-T 731 Advanced Uyghur I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in CEUS T632. In Advanced Uyghur I students will give oral, reading, and writing presentations, participate in class discussions, and practice translation.  Excerpts from novels, movies, newspapers, etc., will develop knowledge of Uyghur culture. Students will need a strong drive to contribute to the whole class as well as individual meetings.

• CEUS-T 732 Advanced Uyghur II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in CEUS T731. In Advanced Uyghur II students will give oral, reading, and writing presentations, participate in class discussions, and practice translation. Excerpts from novels, movies, newspapers, etc., will develop knowledge of Uyghur culture. Students will need a strong drive to contribute to the whole class as well as individual meetings.

• CEUS-T 831 ADLS-Uyghur (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T732 or equivalent. (Currently this course is not offered.) In this class, students who have finished Advanced Uyghur II may continue language learning in topic areas of interest. Students submit to the IAUNRC a proposal specifying instructor, materials to be studied, and a methodology for improving language skills. Enrollment is contingent upon receiving an ADLS grant from the IAUNRC.

Uzbek

• CEUS-T 511 Introductory Uzbek I (3 cr.) Introductory Uzbek I introduces Uzbekistan’s literary language, using Latin and Cyrillic alphabets. Conversation, reading practice, journal writing, newspapers illustrating modern Uzbekistan, Uzbek videos, TV programs, and audio tapes will be used. Students will use Oncourse and email to print out teaching materials and to turn in their assignments.

• CEUS-T 512 Introductory Uzbek II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T511 or equivalent. Introductory Uzbek II continues Introductory Uzbek I.

• CEUS-T 611 Intermediate Uzbek I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T512 or equivalent. Intermediate Uzbek increases students’ fluency in speaking and develops listening and reading skills. With extensive conversation and reading practice, students extend their vocabulary and grammar fundamentals in the literary language of Uzbekistan. Journals, newspapers and authentic materials supplied via Internet, e-mail and Oncourse illustrate modern life and language in Uzbekistan.

• CEUS-T 612 Intermediate Uzbek II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T611 or equivalent. Intermediate Uzbek II continues Intermediate Uzbek I.

• CEUS-T 711 Advanced Uzbek I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T612 or equivalent. Advanced Uzbek I increases oral fluency, and develops listening, reading and writing, based on literary Uzbek, to enable students to do research in history, culture, politics, etc. We do extensive conversation and reading practice, using journals and newspapers illustrating modern Uzbekistan, Internet websites, Oncourse, videos, TV programs and audio tapes.

• CEUS-T 712 Advanced Uzbek II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T711 or equivalent. Advanced Uzbek II increases oral fluency, and develops listening, reading and writing, to enable students to do research in history, literature, and culture. We do extensive conversation and reading practice, using newspapers and journals illustrating Uzbek history, literature, and modern life, plus Uzbek videos, TV programs, and audio tapes.

• CEUS-T 811 Advanced Directed Language Study-Uzbek (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or higher in T712 or equivalent. (Currently this course is not offered.) In this class, students who have finished Advanced Uzbek II may continue language learning in topic areas of interest. Students submit to the IAUNRC a proposal specifying instructor, materials to be studied, and a methodology for improving language skills. Enrollment is contingent upon receiving an ADLS grant from the IAUNRC.

General

• CEUS-T 598 Introductory Central Eurasian Languages I (3 cr.) This variable titles class is used for fall semester of introductory-level modern language classes which do not yet have their own number. Such languages will be Uralic; Altaic; Iranian; or Tibeto-Burman languages of the Tibetan Plateau-Himalaya region. Students may not use more than one such language for departmental degree requirements.

• CEUS T599 Introductory Central Eurasian Languages II (3 cr.) This variable titles class is used for spring semester of introductory-level modern language classes which do not yet have their own number.  Such languages will be Uralic; Altaic; Iranian; or Tibeto-Burman language of the Tibetan Plateau-Himalayas region.  Students may not use more than one such language for departmental degree requirements.

• CEUS-T 690 Introduction to Manchu (3 cr.) The aim of this course is to provide a comprehensive, basic knowledge necessary for the understanding of Manchu texts. The course will be divided into two main parts: (1) study of Manchu phonology, morphology, and syntax; (2) translation of selected Manchu readings.

• CEUS-T 691 Old Turkic (3 cr.) This introduces Old Turkic texts (8th to 14th century) in nine scripts: 1) runiform; 2) Sogdian; 3) Uyghur; 4) Brahmi; 5) Syriac; 6) Manichean; 7) Chinese characters; 8) Square (‘Phags-pa) Script; and 9) Tibetan script. The course also covers the Turkic language of the Karakhanid Empire (also called Middle Turkic).

• CEUS-T 692 Introduction to Evenki (3 cr.) This course introduces Evenki, a historically important but now endangered language of the Tungusic family, spoken in Siberia and northeastern inner Mongolia. The linguistic position of Evenki, the history of its study, phonetics, grammar, and writing systems are all introduced and students will learn how to translate brief texts.

• CEUS-T 693 Introduction to Sakha (Yakut) (3 cr.) Sakha (formerly called Yakut) is a northern Turkic language, with many ancient Mongolian loan words. It is one of Siberia’s most vigorous indigenous languages. This course provides a comprehensive, basic knowledge necessary for the understanding of Yakut texts in the modern Cyrillic script and in earlier transcriptions.

• CEUS-T 694 Uralic Linguistics (3 cr.) Covers linguistics of the Uralic language family (Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian, and other languages in Russia). We begin with the proto-Uralic  and relationships among Uralic languages. The main focus is on topics such as agglutination, vowel harmony, complex locative case systems. The final topic: sociolinguistics of Uralic languages in Russia.

• CEUS-T 698 Intermediate Central Eurasian Languages I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or above in two semesters of introductory-level of the same language or equivalent. This variable titles class is used for fall semester of intermediate-level modern language classes which do not y et have their own number. Such languages will be Uralic; Altaic; Iranian; or Tibeto-Burman languages of the Tibetan Plateau-Himalayas region. Students may not use more than one such language for departmental degree requirements.

• CEUS-T 699 Intermediate Central Eurasian Languages II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or above in one semester of intermediate-level of the same language or equivalent. This variable titles class is used for spring semester of intermediate-level modern language classes which do not yet have their own number. Such languages will be Uralic; Altaic; Iranian; or Tibeto-Burman languages of the Tibetan Plateau-Himalaya region. Students may not use more than one such language for departmental degree requirements.

• CEUS-T 798 Advanced Central Eurasian Languages I (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or above in two semesters of intermediate-level of the same language or equivalent. This variable titles class is used for fall semester of advanced-level modern language classes which do not yet have their own number. Such languages will be Uralic; Altaic; Iranian; or Tibeto-Burman languages of the Tibetan Plateau-Himalayas region. Students may not use more than one such language for departmental degree requirements.

• CEUS-T 799 Advanced Central Eurasian Languages II (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or above in one semester of advanced-level of the same language or equivalent. This variable titles class is used for spring semester of advanced-level modern language classes which do not yet have their own number. Such languages will be Uralic; Altaic; Iranian; or Tibeto-Burman languages of the Tibetan Plateau-Himalayas region. Students may not use more than one such language for departmental degree requirements.

• CEUS-T 891 ADLS-Central Eurasian Languages (3 cr.) P: Grade of B or above in highest regularly offered level of language or equivalent. (Currently this course is not offered.) For students who have finished the highest regularly offered level in a CEUS language (except when an ADLS class already exists) may continue language learning in topic areas of interest. Students submit to the IAUNRC a proposal. Enrollment is contingent upon receiving an ADLS grant from the IAUNRC.

• CEUS-C 596 Intro Central Eurasian Language (0 cr.) (Currently this course is not offered.) This is a variable topic course limited to enrollment by off-campus participants in the ANU/IU less commonly taught language course exchange using distance learning technology.