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BiologyFaculty FacultyChairpersonJeffrey D. Palmer Associate ChairpersonsLynda Delph, Roger Inns Distinguished ProfessorsThomas Kaufman, Ellen Ketterson, Michael Lynch, Jeffrey Palmer, Rudolf Raff, Loren Rieseberg, Mike Wade ProfessorsCarl Bauer, Jose Bonner, Yves Brun, Peter Cherbas, Keith Clay, Lynda Delph, Thomas Donahue, Mark Estelle, Pat Foster, Roger Hangarter, Roger Inns, Curtis Lively, Emília Martins, Elizabeth C. Raff, Albert Ruesink, Milton Taylor, Maxine Watson, Malcolm Winkler, Miriam Zolan Associate ProfessorsAlan Bender, James Bever, Yean Chooi-Odle, Gregory Demas, James Drummond, Clay Fuqua, David Kehoe, Kyung-Tai Min, Heather Reynolds, Whitney Schlegel, Stefan Surzycki, Michael Tansey, Gregory Velicer Assistant ProfessorsJusten Andrews, Ling-Ling Chen, Viola Ellision, Matthew Hahn, Spencer Hall, Richard Hardy, Ke Hu, Laura Hurley, Daniel Kearns, Justin Kumar, Melanie Marketon, Scott Michaels, Armin Moczek, Kristi Montooth, Leonie Moyle, Suchetena "Tuli" Mukhopadhyay, David Nelson, Richard Phillips, Joseph Pomerening, Sidney Shaw, Troy Smith, Nicholas Sokol, Joel Ybe, Andrew Zelhof Academic AdvisingAnna Bednarski, Kate Emblom, Mary Ann Miller, Jordan Hall A115, IntroductionThe Department of Biology (BIOL) offers a wide range of programs, including B.A. and B.S. degrees in biology and microbiology and the B.S. degree in biotechnology. Because the minimal requirements for each degree differ widely and prepare students for varied careers, students should consult advisors and evaluate each degree carefully. Independent research and honors degrees can be earned under any degree program. In departmental course work the letter prefix indicates the major emphasis of the class: "A" and "P" indicate anatomy and physiology courses offered by the Medical Sciences Program; "B" indicates plant sciences; "M" a microbiological emphasis; "T" a biotechnological emphasis; "Z" a zoological emphasis; and "L" courses cover microbiological, botanical, and zoological subjects. Departmental Honors ProgramOutstanding students in any of the departmental degree programs are urged to fulfill the requirements for an honors degree. Since independent research is an integral part of the Department of Biology honors program, students must enroll in at least two semesters of L490 Individual Study. Mary Ann Miller in the Undergraduate Advising Office should be consulted for other requirements, but in general, students completing course work with a minimum grade point average of 3.300, a senior thesis, the L490 credits, and, in some cases, a comprehensive examination or seminar will be awarded a degree with honors. Honors students are urged to enroll in special honors courses and seminars offered by many departments in the College of Arts and Sciences. Honors CoursesIn order to provide opportunities and challenges for superior students, the department offers honors courses equivalent to its main courses and designated with an "S." These small-enrollment courses offer tightly integrated lecture and laboratory experiences that include an experimental approach and a quantitative orientation, in addition to covering the basic material taught in the regular courses. Candidates for an honors degree (see information above) need not necessarily take these courses but would clearly benefit from them. Overseas StudyStudents are encouraged to study abroad, particularly in the Indiana University Overseas Study programs in Australia, Bonaire, Copenhagen, Costa Rica, Great Britain, and where students may continue to make progress toward their biology degrees. For information about study abroad, contact the Office of Overseas Study, Franklin Hall 303, (812) 855-9304. Options for Special CreditThe department awards 3 hours of credit with a grade of S for E112 to students who score a 4 on the College Board Advanced Placement exam or 6 hours of credit for E111 and E112 to students who score a 5 on the College Board Advanced Placement exam. Students who have taken the College Board SAT II Biology E/M test earn credit as follows: a score of 680 on the Biology E test earns 3 credit hours of E111. A score of 680 on the Biology M test earns 3 credit hours of E112. For students who have taken the older SAT II Biology subject test, a score between 680 and 719 earns credit for E112; a score of 720 or higher earns credit for E111 and E112. A grade of S in E111 and E112 also may be earned by passing a departmental exemption examination given the first Wednesday night of classes each semester. This credit satisfies the introductory course requirements for majors but carries no lab credit. It is strongly suggested that students understand this material before proceeding to L211. Depending on their score, students should consider completing L112 before proceeding to L211. Nonmajors can apply the credit toward College of Arts and Sciences distribution requirements. Outside Courses for Biology MajorsBiology majors may want to consider the following courses, which could be included in their degree program as courses outside the College of Arts and Sciences (see "Courses Outside the College of Arts and Sciences" section). A student may include up to 22 credit hours of appropriate courses from outside the College of Arts and Sciences in the minimum of 122 hours required for graduation. School of Public and Environmental AffairsE410 Introduction to Environmental Toxicology (3 cr.) Please Note: In partial completion of degree requirements, all College of Arts and Sciences students must have a minimum of 25 credit hours of College of Arts and Sciences work in their major. The courses listed above do not count toward the completion of those 25 credit hours, nor do they count for Biology upper lecture or laboratory credit. For a list of Biology lectures and labs, please consult the department Website (http://www.bio.indiana.edu/undergrad/index.html). Major in Biology—B.A.PurposeThe B.A. degree is designed to provide training in the major subject areas of biology while remaining the most flexible of all biology degrees offered. Minimal chemistry and mathematics requirements allow students to substitute a second major, such as computer science, chemistry, psychology, or an outside field, such as environmental studies or business. However, this degree will not automatically fulfill requirements for entrance to medical, dental, or optometry schools, or to most graduate programs. Major RequirementsStudents must complete the following course work with a grade of C– or higher in each course:
Note: L111 and L112 can be taken in either order. L112 is a prerequisite of L211, which is the prerequisite of L311. Students must also meet the degree requirements of the College of Arts and Sciences, including culture studies. Major in Microbiology—B.A.PurposeThe B.A. degree is designed to provide training in microbiology for those students who do not intend to obtain an advanced degree in microbiology or attend medical, dental, or optometry school. The degree is suitable for students who are double majors as well as those individuals whose career goals include being a laboratory technician or working in an outside field, such as business or environmental studies. Major RequirementsStudents must complete the following courses with a minimum grade of C– in each course:
Additional RequirementsStudents must also complete the following with a minimum grade of C– in each course:
Students must also meet the degree requirements for the B.A. degree in the College of Arts and Sciences. Major in Biology—B.S.PurposeThe B.S. in biology is designed to provide students with a rigorous general background in the sciences to prepare them for graduate or professional school or for science-related jobs at the bachelor's degree level. The more extensive requirements in chemistry, mathematics, and physics have been selected to optimize students' future opportunities. RequirementsStudents must complete the following fundamental skills and distribution requirements:
Major RequirementsStudents must complete the following course work with a minimum grade of C– in each course:
Additional RequirementsStudents must also complete with a minimum grade of C– in each course:
RecommendationsStudents are urged to discuss with the academic advisors in Jordan Hall A115 the selection of electives and requirements to meet their specific career goals. Special B.S. for Three-Year Premedical/Predental/Preoptometry StudentsPurposeThis program is designed for students admitted to the Indiana University Schools of Medicine, Dentistry, or Optometry after three years at Indiana University Bloomington. Students who have completed requirements for this major, the fundamental skills and distribution requirements for the standard B.S. in Biology, and at least 90 credit hours in courses offered by the College of Arts and Sciences may apply 8 credit hours of their first-year professional courses toward their major and 24 credit hours of their first-year professional courses as elective credit. Students who have been accepted to medical and dental schools other than Indiana University's must have special permission from the dean of the College of Arts and Sciences to apply for this degree. RequirementsStudents must complete all of the fundamental skills and distribution requirements that are required for the standard B.S. in biology. Major RequirementsStudents must complete the following with a C– or higher:
RecommendationStudents choosing this option should consult with the academic advisors in Jordan Hall A115 and the Premedical/Predental/Preoptometry advisor in the Health Professions Office. Major in Microbiology—B.S.PurposeThe B.S. in microbiology is designed for students who wish to pursue careers as professional microbiologists in health, environmental, governmental, or industrial laboratories. It is also a basis for further professional or graduate training in microbiology and related fields. RequirementsStudents must complete the following fundamental skills and distribution requirements:
Major RequirementsStudents must complete the following:
Students must also complete the requirements and procedures listed in this bulletin under "General Requirements for Bachelor's Degrees" except for the culture studies requirement. RecommendationsBecause chemistry is a prerequisite for many upper-level microbiology courses, students are urged to begin chemistry as soon as possible. Students should consult the advising office to plan a coherent program. Major in Biotechnology—B.S.PurposeThe B.S. in biotechnology is designed for students who wish to pursue careers in the fields of biotechnology or biomedical sciences. It is also a basis for further graduate training in biotechnology, the biological and biomedical sciences, and related professional fields, such as medicine, business, and patent law. The program provides fundamental training in basic scientific principles as well as knowledge of specific techniques and applications used in biotechnology. Graduates will be expected to have acquired the following: knowledge of the principles of biology, microbiology, cell and molecular biology, biochemistry, and bioanalytical chemistry; practical laboratory skills in many of these areas with emphasis on techniques used in modern biotechnology; a firm foundation in scientific integrity and proper scientific procedures; an appreciation of the broader ethical, environmental, and societal issues involved in biotechnology; and exposure to career opportunities in biotechnology through independent research, internships, and seminar series. RequirementsStudents must complete the following fundamental skills and distribution requirements:
Major RequirementsStudents must meet the following with a minimum grade of C– in each course and a minimum major grade point average of C (2.0):
Students must also meet the degree requirements for the B.S. degree in the College of Arts and Sciences. Students who wish to complete a business minor or the Liberal Arts and Management Program (LAMP) certificate as part of their degree program are advised that they may need to take some of the relevant courses in the summer or in an additional semester. The College of Arts and Sciences allows students to take 22 credit hours outside the College that will count toward graduation. This allowance should also be taken into account when considering the business minor or the LAMP certificate. B.S. in Biotechnology/J.D. 3+3 ProgramStudents who are admitted to the IU Bloomington School of Law after completing a minimum of 90 credit hours in the College of Arts and Sciences, and who have satisfied the fundamental skills, distribution, and major concentration requirements for the B.S. in Biotechnology degree program, may apply up to 32 credit hours earned their first year in the law school as electives and, at the end of that year (with a minimum of 122 credit hours), earn the B.S. in Biotechnology degree. Note: Students who need to satisfy all fundamental skills requirements through course work will need approximately 106 credit hours to complete all of the requirements listed in the statement above. Students who bring to college study a proficiency in foreign language and who satisfy the English composition requirement through test scores may be able to satisfy all requirements with 92 credits. Students who bring other competencies that would result in prerequisites being waived might be able to complete these requirements with fewer than 90 credits. In all cases, however, a student must have completed a minimum of 90 credit hours in the College (including electives if necessary) and all requirements listed above to be eligible for this special arrangement. Biology MinorOption 1 or Option 2 must include a minimum of 6 credit hours taken on the Bloomington campus. Students are not allowed to combine the two options. They must choose either Option 1 or Option 2. Option 1This option is recommended for students not majoring in science: BIOL L111, L112, L113, L350, L369. Option 2This option is recommended for science majors: BIOL L111, L112, L113, and sufficient additional biology major courses to total 15 or more total credit hours. Note: Biology L490 and L499 credit cannot count for either option in the biology minor. Course DescriptionsCourses for the NonmajorThese courses fall into three categories:
Related Courses in Medical SciencesThese courses are acceptable for biological sciences in the College of Arts and Sciences distribution requirement, but do not count in the biology major. M131 Disease and the Human Body (3 cr.) N & M Suitable for non-science majors at all levels. Basic science knowledge is advantageous but not necessary. This course is team-taught by Medical Sciences faculty. Provided will be a description of a disease or injury and a discussion of the normal anatomy and physiology of relevant body systems and the alterations that are due to the disease or injury. Included will be various drug and other medical interventions that can be used to diagnose and treat the diseases and injuries. The format consists primarily of lectures with some interactive demonstrations. Four objective exams are scheduled throughout the semester, and standard grading policies are utilized. No text is required, and extensive handouts are provided. A215 Basic Human Anatomy (5 cr.) N & M Intended for science majors and not recommended for first-semester freshmen. An organ-systems approach to the study of the human body, including microscopic and gross structure. The course starts with an introduction to basic cell structure and tissue construction, and continues with the coverage of all human systems with emphasis on the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular, reproductive, and nervous systems. Bones, models, and prosected cadavers are used to study these topics concurrently in the laboratory. P215 Basic Human Physiology (5 cr.) N & M Intended for science majors and not recommended for first-semester freshmen. An organ-systems approach to the study of human body function. Presentation begins with basic cell function and communication systems of the body, progressing to control systems, defense mechanisms, transport, gas exchange, and balancing of nutrients, water, and electrolytes. Focus for the course is on how organ systems contribute to essential metabolic activity and the maintenance of homeostasis. The laboratory emphasizes the application of material presented during lecture and is a required part of this course. Courses for the Biology MajorCredit will be given for only one of these courses: L100, L104, E112, L112, or Q201. E111 Basic Biology by Examination I (3 cr.) N & M Credit by examination for demonstrating an understanding of basic facts and concepts of the lecture content of L111. Credit not given for both E111 and L111. E112 Basic Biology by Examination II (3 cr.) N & M Credit by examination for demonstrating an understanding of basic facts and concepts of the lecture content of L112. Credit given for only one of the following: L100, L104, E112, L112, or Q201. H111 Integrated Freshman Learning Experience I (4 cr.) N & M H112 Integrated Freshman Learning Experience II (5 cr.) N & M L111 Introduction to Biology: Evolution and Diversity (3 cr.) N & M For biology and other science majors. Preference will be given to freshmen and sophomores. Processes of evolution (selection, speciation, macroevolution, origin and early history of life) and organismal function (morphology, physiology, and behavior). Credit not given for both E111 and L111. L112 Introduction to Biology: Biological Mechanisms (3 cr.) N & M P: High school or college chemistry. For biological and other science majors. Preference will be given to freshmen and sophomores. Integrated picture of manner in which organisms at diverse levels of organization meet problems in maintaining and propagating life. Credit given for only one of the following: L100, L104, L112, E112, or Q201. L113 Biology Laboratory (3 cr.) N & M P or C: L112. R: L111. Laboratory experiments in various aspects of biology, with a focus on investigative logic and methods. Introduces aspects of cell biology, genetics, and evolutionary biology. Should not be taken during first semester of residence unless credit has been earned for both E111 and E112. L211 Molecular Biology (3 cr.) N & M P: L112 and CHEM C117. Structure and function of DNA and RNA. DNA replication, mechanisms of mutation, repair, recombination, and transposition. Mechanisms and regulation of gene expression. The genetic code, transcription, and translation. Introduces bacteriophages, plasmids, and the technology of recombinant DNA. Credit given for only one of L211 or S211. S211 Molecular Biology, Honors (5 cr.) N & M P: L112 and CHEM C117. M250 Microbiology (3 cr.) N & M P: Two semesters of college chemistry; M255 concurrently; L211 recommended prior or concurrently. Application of fundamental principles to the study of microorganisms. Significance of microorganisms to humans and their environment. M255 Microbiology Laboratory (2 cr.) P: M250 concurrently. Audio-tutorial laboratory of exercises and demonstrations to yield proficiency in principles and techniques of cultivation and utilization and microorganisms under aseptic techniques. B300 Vascular Plants (4 cr.) N & M P: One introductory biology course. Survey of the ferns, gymnosperms, and flowering plants, including their morphology, classification, ecology, evolution, and economic importance. L301 Information Literacy in Biology (1 cr.) C: Enrollment in an upper-level biology lecture, field, or laboratory course. Methods of information search and retrieval, critical evaluation of primary literature, and generation of technical writing skills necessary for research in biology. Work will focus on a topic chosen from an upper-level lecture, field, or laboratory course in which the student must be concurrently enrolled. L305 Project Laboratory in Molecular Biology and Genetics (3 cr.) P:L211 or S211 or consent of instructor. Explore the different stages of scientific investigation by performing research using molecular biology and genetic techniques. Design and execute research projects under supervision of the instructor in a teaching laboratory setting on problems including mutant isolation, gene cloning, gene expression, protein localization, protein structure-function, cell division, cell differentiation, etc. A maximum of 12 credit hours between L305 and L490 may count toward graduation. L311 Genetics (3 cr.) P: L211 or S211. Analysis of the mechanisms of inheritance, including developmental processes that lead to the construction of whole organisms and to the transmission to their offspring of specific genetic traits. Includes the principles of genetics and the analysis of mutations affecting development. Credit given for only one of L311 or S311. S311 Genetics, Honors (5 cr.) P: L211 or S211. Principles governing the transmission of specific traits to the progeny of prokaryotes and eukaryotes including bacteria, viruses, fungi, higher plants, and animals. Analysis at the level of the individual and population; interactions between genetic constitution and environment; application to the study of development, human genetic diseases, and/or agricultural breeding. Course includes a laboratory. Credit given for only one of L311, S311, or L319. L312 Cell Biology (3 cr.) P: L211. Current views of the structure and function of cellular organelles and components, with emphasis on the flow of information through the cell, the metabolism that supports cellular functions, and differences among different specialized cells. Current techniques will be stressed. Credit given for only one of L312 or L330. L313 Cell Biology Laboratory (3 cr.) P: L113 and L211, or CHEM C342, or consent of instructor. R: BIOL L312, CHEM C484. Theory and techniques of experimental cell physiology. Enzyme purification using spectrophotometry, ion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatography, gel electrophoresis. Respiration and photosynthesis analyzed by cell fractionation, oxygen electrode, and radioactive tracer techniques. L317 Developmental Biology (3 cr.) P: L311 or S311. Analysis of developmental processes that lead to the construction of whole organisms from single cells. Includes the principles of embryology and analysis of mutations affecting development. L318 Evolution (3 cr.) P: L311 or S311. Provides a rigorous exploration of the theory of evolution—the conceptual core of biology. Topics include origins and history of life; the interplay of heredity and environment in shaping adaptations; molecular, behavioral, and social evolution; patterns of speciation, extinction, and their consequences; methods for inferring evolutionary relationships among organisms. Credit not given for both L318 and S318, or both L318 and L479. S318 Evolution, Honors (4 cr.) P: L311 or S311. Provides a rigorous exploration of the theory of evolution—the conceptual core of biology. Topics include origins and history of life; the interplay of heredity and environment in shaping adaptations; molecular, behavioral, and social evolution; patterns of speciation, extinction, and their consequences; methods for inferring evolutionary relationships among organisms. Credit not given for both L318 and S318, or both S318 and L479. Z318 Developmental Biology Laboratory (2 cr.) P: L211, L311. P or C: L317. A laboratory about developing organisms, with emphasis on vertebrate embryology and organogenesis. L319 Genetics Laboratory (3 cr.) P or C: L311. Experiments with plants, animals, bacteria, and viruses demonstrating fundamental genetic mechanisms. Credit given for only one of L319 or S311. L321 Principles of Immunology (3 cr.) P: L211, and CHEM C101 or C117. R: L312. An introductory survey of the basic principles of immunology and their practical applications. L322 Writing Workshop in Biology (3 cr.) N & M P: L211. Development of scientific writing styles and techniques to help students learn about complex phenomena, sharpen thought processes used in evaluating complicated data, and develop skills essential for communicating intricate ideas and concepts. Research reports will be regularly reviewed by the instructor, and in the context of cooperative learning groups. L323 Molecular Biology Laboratory (3 cr.) P: L211. Manipulation and analysis of genes and genomes. Gene cloning and library screening. Gene amplification and disease diagnosis. Gene mapping and Southern blot analysis of complex genome structure. Credit given for only one of L323, L324, or S211. L324 Human Molecular Biology Laboratory (3 cr.) P: L211 or consent of instructor. Theory and molecular biology techniques used to study the human genome and human genes. Students isolate DNA from their cells and apply current techniques for DNA fingerprinting of macro- and microsatellites, telomere length estimation, SNP and Alu polymorphism analysis, gene expression analysis, DNA sequencing, and computer analysis. Credit given for only one of L323, L324, or S211. L331 Introduction to Human Genetics (3 cr.) P: A course in genetics. Principles of human genetics are presented. The emphasis is on new developments in the field afforded by present-day techniques in molecular biology. Among the topics considered are sex inheritance, molecular basis of genetic diseases, oncogenesis, and immune system structure. M350 Microbial Physiology and Biochemistry (3 cr.) P: M250, M255, and CHEM C341. Intended for majors in microbiology, biology, or chemistry. Introduction to microbial biochemistry and physiology; nutrition, growth composition, and metabolism of selected bacteria. B351 Fungi (3 cr.) P: L111 and L112. R: Junior or senior standing or consent of instructor. Morphology, life histories, classification, genetics, physiology, development, ecology, medical and economic importance of fungi. B352 Fungi: Laboratory (2 cr.) P or C: B351. R: Junior or senior standing or consent of instructor. Laboratory and field studies of fungi and their activities. M360 Microbial Physiology Laboratory (3 cr.) P: M250, M255, and CHEM C341.Introduction to techniques for the fractionation, isolation, and purification of cellular components. Analysis of bacterial growth, enzyme purification, chromatographic analysis of proteins and other metabolites, gel electrophoresis and fermentation studies. B364 Summer Flowering Plants (4–5 cr.) N & M P: One introductory biology course. For those desiring a broad, practical knowledge of common wild and cultivated plants. SS. B368 Ethnobotany (3 cr.) N & M P: L111. Plants in relation to man with primary emphasis on food plants. Credit given for only one of L370 or B368. B371 Ecological Plant Physiology (3 cr.) P: College chemistry and L111 and L112. The interrelationships among plant function and temperature, water supply, nutrient level, light quality, light quantity, gases, and other organisms. B373 Mechanisms of Plant Development (4 cr.) P: L111, L211. Lecture and lab explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms controlling plant growth and development from germination to reproduction. Studies structural and functional relationships with an emphasis on how external stimuli like light, gravity, nutrition, and temperature affect gene activities and physiological processes that control growth. Z373 Entomology (3 cr.) P: One introductory biology course. Insects, with emphasis on evolution, distribution, behavior, and structure. Z374 Invertebrate Zoology (3 cr.) P: One introductory biology course. Ecology, evolution, and phylogeny of major invertebrate groups, with emphasis on current controversies and concepts. M375 Human Parasitology (4 cr.) P: L111 and L112. Junior or senior standing or permission of instructor. Biology of human parasites focusing on their etiology, epidemiology, immunology, diagnosis, and treatment. Major groups of protozoa, helminths, and medically important arthropods covered. Lab presents both live and fixed materials complementing lecture. Z375 Invertebrate Zoology Laboratory (2 cr.) P: One introductory biology course. Laboratory and field studies of invertebrates, with an emphasis on experiments with living specimens. L376 Biology of Birds (4 cr.) P: L111 and L112. Avian systematics, distribution, evolution, ecology, and behavior, emphasis on migration and orientation, territoriality, communication, and reproductive behavior. Field trips will concentrate on identification, interpretation of behavior, and research methods. Intended for biology majors. L377 Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (3 cr.) P: L111, L112, L113. An extensive study of amphibians and reptiles, including behavior, physiology, ecology, and evolution. Course will include a survey of world diversity, comparative dissections, field exercises, behavioral experiments, and review of the primary literature. L390 Learning Enhancement in Biology (1 cr.) Additional discussion, learning group, laboratory, or field experiences to accompany another course in biology. Offered as a corequisite for the other course. May be repeated for a maximum of 4 credit hours when taken with different corequisite courses. Z406 Vertebrate Zoology (5 cr.) P: L111 and L112, junior or senior standing or consent of instructor. Morphology, evolution, adaptations, and general biology of vertebrates. L410 Topical Issues in Biology (3–5 cr.) P:L111, L112, and L113. Topics not related extensively in other courses. The topic will vary depending on the instructor and on student needs. May be repeated once with a different topic for a maximum of 6 credit hours. M416 Molecular Biology of the AIDS Virus (3 cr.) P: CHEM C341 and BIOL L311. A detailed consideration of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, the causative agent of AIDS). The functions of the HIV genes and how those functions affect pathology and normal cellular mechanisms. For senior biology or biochemistry majors and beginning graduate students. M430 Virology Lecture (3 cr.) N & M P: L211. R: L311 and L312. Viruses of plants, animals (including humans), and bacteria; emphasis on molecular biology of viral systems. Viruses and human disease such as cancer and AIDS; viruses and their evolution. L433 Tropical Biology (3 cr.) Field course taught in a tropical area overseas. Topics center on ecology and evolution and may include plants and animals, their interactions in rain forests, seasonally dry forests and mangroves, cloud forests, marine biology, marine/land interface, coral physiology, and reef development. Requires detailed field journal and other projects on areas visited. May not be repeated for credit. M435 Viral Tissue Culture Laboratory (3 cr.) P or C: M430 or consent of instructor. Laboratory techniques in phage, viruses, and tissue culture. L440 Introduction to Biotechnology (3 cr.) N & M P: L211 or consent of instructor. Lecture will cover topics central to biotechnology and the biotechnological industry, including industrial organisms, recombinant DNA techniques, protein isolation and assay, genetic and molecular identification of therapeutic targets, development of therapeutics, bioinformatics, intellectual property, biotechnology companies, and regulatory issues. M440 Medical Microbiology: Lecture (3 cr.) P: BIOL L211, M250, and M255. Microorganisms as agents of disease; host-parasite relationships; epidemiology; chemotherapy. Credit given for only one of M440 or M200. M445 Medical Microbiology: Laboratory (3 cr.) P: M255 and M440, which may be taken concurrently. Laboratory methods of isolation and identification of microorganisms from normal and simulated disease conditions of the human. M460 Biology of the Prokaryotes (3 cr.) P: M250 and M350 or CHEM C483. Nutritional, physiological, and cultural properties of the major groups of nonpathogenic bacteria and their relationships as revealed by modern taxonomic methods. Z460 Ethology (3 cr.) P: Senior or graduate standing in psychology or biology and consent of instructor. Introduction to the zoological study of animal behavior. Emphasizes both internal and external factors involved in the causation of species-typical behavior of animals (protozoa–primates) in their natural environment. L465 Advanced Field Biology (3 cr.) R: L473 or equivalent and consent of instructor. Lectures and two to three weeks of fieldwork on various problems of ecosystem structure and dynamics. Quantitative comparisons will be made of ecosystems in several different environments. May be repeated once for credit. SS. M465 Biology of the Prokaryotes: Laboratory (3 cr.) P: M255. P or C: M460. Isolation and study of members of the major groups of non-pathogenic bacteria. Selected physiological experiments. Z466 Endocrinology (3 cr.) P: L211. R: CHEM C341. Mechanisms of hormone action from the molecular to the organismal level in vertebrates. Z469 Endocrinology Laboratory (2 cr.) P: BIOL L211. R: BIOL 2466 and L312. Survey of various endocrine systems using molecular, cellular, and whole organism methodologies. Emphasis on structure, function, and regulation of endocrine glands and cells, and their roles in maintaining homeostasis within the organism. L472 Microbial Ecology (3 cr.) P: Junior standing in biology. Principles of microbial ecology with emphasis on the population, community, and ecosystem ecology of bacteria and fungi. L473 Ecology (3 cr.) P: L111. R: L318. Major concepts of ecology for science majors; relation of individual organisms to their environment, population ecology, structure and function of ecosystems. Credit not given for both L473 and L479. L474 Field and Laboratory Ecology (2 cr.) P: L111. R1473 or concurrent. Introduction to research problems and techniques in the ecology of individuals, populations, and ecosystems. Z476 Biology of Fishes (3 cr.) P: L111, L112, and L113. An in-depth study of the anatomy, physiology, evolution, behavior, and diversity of fishes. Course includes comparisons among fish taxa and other vertebrate taxa, evaluation of primary literature, dissection and classification techniques, behavioral and ecological experiments, and fieldwork. L479 Evolution and Ecology (4 cr.) P: L311. Evolution and ecology for science majors. Origin of life; physical environment and the individual; population ecology and population genetics; species interactions; community organization; development, structure, and function of ecosystems. Credit given for only one of L318, 5318, L473 or L479. M480 Microbial and Molecular Genetics (3 cr.) P: L211 and M250-M255 or consent of instructor. Analysis of the molecular genetics of Escherichia coli and its heritable elements. Will include the genetics of other microorganisms as well as molecular cloning. M485 Microbial and Molecular Genetics Laboratory (3 cr.) P or C: M480. The genetics of Escherichia coli and its viruses. Techniques include transformation, mutation, bacterial recombination, transduction, transposition, molecular cloning, restriction mapping, Southern blotting, and other recombinant DNA techniques. L490 Individual Study (cr. arr.; 12 cr. max.) P: Overall GPA 2.500 or above and written permission of faculty member supervising research. Must complete a written assignment as evidence of each semester's work. Must present oral report to complete more than 6 credit hours. Section authorization. Maximum of 6 credits allowed for summer internships/ research. L499 Internship in Biology Instruction (3 cr.) P: Consent of departmental chairperson. Supervised experience in teaching undergraduate biology course. May be repeated once for credit. P451 Integrative Human Physiology (4 cr.) Intended for the junior or senior science major. Course in human physiology designed to introduce the senior undergraduate student to the function of the human body in health, disease, and extreme environments. Emphasizes how the different organ systems work to maintain homeostasis and how organ function is integrated. The content and key concepts are presented in order to provide students insight into the scientific process through problem-solving and exploration of resources. Utilizes experimental inquiry, case-based and problem-oriented methodology with students working in teams, and an emphasis on clinical application. The laboratory component is incorporated into the structure of the course. Courses for a Degree in Biotechnology—B.S.T301 Seminar in Biotechnology (1 cr.) P: Consent of director. Outside speakers from the biotechnology industry present students with the latest research developments, information about career opportunities, and internship possibilities. Students will write a paper on each seminar, discussing what they have learned and how this knowledge affects their career decisions. May be repeated for a maximum of 4 credit hours.T310 Biotechnology Lecture (3 cr.) P: L211, M250, M255. C: T315. Application of microbial diversity in biotechnology; synthesis of macromolecules; principles of gene expressions; gene cloning; protein engineering, overexpression and purification; genomics; proteomics; bioinformatics. T312 Societal Issues in Biotechnology (3 cr.) P: L112 and L211. Consideration of the effects of recent advances in biotechnology on human affairs and the environment. T315 Biotechnology Laboratory (3 cr.) P: L211, M250, M255. C: T310. Students use a problem-based approach to gene cloning; for example, cloning the gene for an industrially important enzyme, a-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis. In this example, students would purify a-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis and affinity-tagged a-amylase overproduction clone for purification and compare the activity of the purified proteins. T322 Biotechnology Writing and Communication (3 cr.) P: Completion of the English composition requirement, and BIOL L211 or M255 or CHEM C343. Students learn oral and written scientific communications as appropriate in biotechnology. Topics include figures and tables, technical talks, reading and writing scientific publications, and writing industrial-style documents, including standard operating procedures and study protocols. Peer and instructor review will aid learning. Courses for Programs Outside the Department of BiologyBecause these courses are presented as contributions to programs or curricula outside the Department of Biology, they cannot be applied toward requirements for majors in biology nor toward the distribution requirements of the College. M200 Microorganisms in Nature and Disease (3 cr.) R: High school chemistry and biology. Principles of microbiology, including study of major microbial groups; cultivation, physiology, and genetics; destruction and control of microbial life; activities of microorganisms in nature and disease. For students in programs requiring only one semester of microbiology (not premedical or medical technology students). No credit in this course for students who have already passed M440. Q201 Biological Science for Elementary Teachers (3 cr.) P: Q200. An introduction to the principles and practice of biology designed especially for prospective elementary education teachers. All major areas of biology will be considered, with a concluding emphasis on the relations between various organisms and their environment. Credit given for only one of Q201, L100, L104, E112, L112. M215 Microorganism Laboratory (1 cr.) P: M200 concurrently. Introduction to basic techniques and procedures of microbiology laboratories. Emphasis on aspects deemed useful to nursing students. Growth and transfer of living microorganisms, aseptic techniques, and the staining and identification of bacteria. Audio-tutorial format. Enrollment preference given to nursing students. Related Research CoursesThe following courses may be counted in the Department of Biology as equivalent to L490 Individual Study only by application to the department prior to the start of the research experience. A research thesis must be submitted to the Department of Biology at the end of the research experience to complete the equivalency requirement. Note: B.A. students may use 3 credit hours of L490 in the major. B.S. students may use up to 12 credit hours of L490, M450, or C409 in the major.
Related Non-College of Arts and Sciences CoursesThese courses are acceptable for credit in biology. Medical SciencesPHSL P416 Comparative Animal Physiology (3 cr.) Intended for junior and senior science majors. Principles of physiology are explored in a comparative animal context. Function of the respiratory, circulatory, excretory, and related systems will be examined. Examples of unusual vertebrate and invertebrate function will be used to illustrate basic and comparative physiological principles. PHSL P417 Neurobiology (3 cr.) P: One introductory biology course and CHEM C118. R: one course in cellular physiology or P416. Physiology of nerves and muscles, including sensory receptors, peripheral and central sensory processing of neural information, coordination of motor output and neurophysiological correlates of behavior. PHSL P418 Laboratory in Comparative Animal Physiology (2 cr.) PHSL P421 Biophysical Principles in Physiology (3 cr.) Intended for junior and senior science majors. Permission of instructor required. This course offers an organ-systems approach to the study of biophysical principles governing human body function. Lectures provide a broad survey of the communication and control systems of the body, defense mechanisms, transport, gas exchange, and balancing of nutrients, water, and electrolytes. Problem-solving skills, critical evaluation of data, and exploration of research and resources in the study of physiology will be emphasized in this course. PHSL P460 Anatomy of the Ear and Vocal Organs (3 cr.) P: Consent of instructor. Development and structure of face, nasal cavities, mouth, palate, pharynx, larynx, ear, and related portions of respiratory and nervous systems. Note: A464 counts toward the minimum 25 College of Arts and Sciences credit hours required in the major, even though it is a non-College course. ANAT A464 Human Tissue Biology (4 cr.) Intended for junior and senior science majors. This course analyzes the structure and activities of the cells that makeup the human body. The course begins with an overview of the animal cell, concentrating on aspects of cellular morphology important for biochemical functions. Fundamental types of distinct multicellular tissues, including connective, epithelial, muscular, and nervous tissues are then described at the light and electron microscopic level, emphasizing the functional significance of the structural features. After the basic tissue types are understood, the various organ systems of the body are discussed, again primarily with regard to how their tissue composition and arrangement mediate their diverse functions. Each lecture is followed by a laboratory session devoted to the same topic in which students examine and study the relevant cells, tissues, and organs using the light microscope and electron micrograph preparations. MSCI M470 Mechanisms of Human Disease (3 cr.) P: Intended for junior and senior science majors;. P: One introductory biology course. R: L211. The course will examine the epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, and social impact of selected infectious diseases introduced by Europeans and Africans into New World Native Populations. We will consider the genetic diversity of New World Native Americans at the time of European contact and investigate the emergence and evolution of selected infectious diseases such as measles, smallpox, influenza, tuberculosis, and syphilis. We will investigate selected New World epidemics using historic documents and archaeological and anthropological sources. School of Public and Environmental Affairs (SPEA)SPEA E400 Topics in Environmental Studies (3 cr.) P: SPEA E272. For biology majors, Coral Reef Ecology as a "Field Techniques in Ecology" course only. SPEA E455 Limnology (4 cr.) P: College chemistry and biology or permission of instructor. Limnology is the ecology of inland lakes and streams, combining the principles of biology, chemistry, geology, and physics to understand how they function. The effects of human perturbation on aquatic systems will be highlighted in both lectures and laboratory work to aid student understanding of the concepts involved. Credit given for only one of E455 or E457. SPEA E457 Introduction to Conservation Biology (3 cr.) P: A 300-level ecology course. Ecological principles associated with rare species and with biodiversity, laws and statutes used to conserve biodiversity, and land and species management practices. The aim is to understand scientific and political complexities of conservation biology and to study different methods used to conserve living resources and resolve conflicts associated with conservation. Credit given for only one of E455 or E457. Related College of Arts and Sciences CourseThese courses are acceptable for credit in biology. ChemistryCHEM C483 Biological Chemistry (3 cr.) N & M P: C342 or S342 or R340. Introduction to structure, chemical properties, and interrelationships of biological substances. Credit given for only one of C483 or C484-C485. CHEM C484 Biomolecules and Catabolism (3 cr.) N & M P: C342 or S342. Structure and function of cellular components and the generation of phosphate-bond energy. Credit given for only one of C484-C485 or C483. Psychological and Brain SciencesPSY P466 Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology (3 cr.) N & M P: P326 or P346. Introduction to the cellular and molecular processes that give the nervous system its unique character. Covers the cell biology of neurons and glia and mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. Examines the genetic and molecular approaches to the biological basis for higher brain functions such as learning and memory.
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