Recommendations
Each of the four subfields of anthropology has different expectations as to the course work that best complements the interests and skills of students in each subfield. Course work taken in other departments should be selected in consultation with the director of undergraduate studies.

Graduate work in anthropology often requires knowledge of one or more foreign languages, and students should plan their undergraduate programs accordingly.

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Minor in Anthropology

Requirements
Students must complete a minimum of 15 credit hours in anthropology that include (1) no more than one course at the 100 level, (2) at least one course selected from B200, E200, L200, and P200, and (3) at least three advanced courses (300-400 level) selected in conjunction with the advisor to suit the student's interests.

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Departmental Honors Program

The anthropology honors program offers tutorial guidance to superior students who want to develop in-depth research interests. Students may enter the program in the second semester of their sophomore year or at any time during their junior year. Ordinarily, only students with outstanding academic records will be accepted, but applicants' strength of interest and commitment are also considered. Acceptance is made by the department chairperson or honors advisor, who will assign the student to a faculty tutor. Honors students must enroll in A399 Honors Tutorial in Anthropology, in which a thesis must be prepared from original research. A399 may be repeated once. A one-hour oral examination over the thesis will be administered during the senior year by a three-member committee, of which one member is to be selected from outside the Department of Anthropology. Eligible and interested students should consult with the departmental honors advisor.

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Overseas Study

Indiana University overseas study programs enable students to continue making progress toward their degrees and to apply financial aid to program fees. For information about study abroad, contact the Office of Overseas Study, Franklin Hall 303, (812) 855-9304.

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Course Descriptions

General Anthropology
A105 Human Origins and Prehistory (3 cr.) SHSI Human biological evolution and prehistory from the earliest archaeological record through the rise of civilization. Credit given for only one of the following: A105, A103, or A303. A105 does not count toward major. I Sem., II Sem.
E105 Culture and Society (3 cr.) SHSI Introduction to the ethnographic and comparative study of contemporary and historical human society and culture. May be taken simultaneously with A105. Credit given for only one of the following: A104, E105, E303, or A304. E105 does not count toward major. I Sem, II Sem.
A150 Freshman Seminar in Anthropology: Topics (3 cr.) SHSI Introduction to the study of anthropology through the applicability of anthropological theory and method to specific social and cultural issues. May be repeated once with different topic.
A200 Topics in Anthropology (3 cr.) SHSI P: freshman or sophomore standing or consent of the instructor. Course is geared to the non-major and emphasizes the development of skills in the use of anthropological approaches to study of human behavior and belief. Topics will vary. May be repeated once for credit with different topic.
A303 Evolution and Prehistory (3 cr.) SHSI R: junior standing. Introductory course for more advanced students. Human beings' place in nature, emergence of humans and contemporary races, development of culture from Paleolithic onward, problems arising from interaction of biological and cultural phenomena. Not open to students who have taken A105. A303 does not count toward major. SS.
A306 Anthropological Statistics (3 cr.) Fundamentals of univariate and bivariate statistics, construction and interpretation of graphs, and computer-assisted data analysis. Both statistical methodology and theory will be emphasized as well as computer literacy. Students will examine the primary literature in all branches of anthropology to familiarize themselves with the role of statistics in anthropological research. Credit given for only one of the following: A306, Criminal Justice P291, Economics E270 or S270, Sociology S371, Mathematics/Psychology K300 or K310, or SPEA K300. (Note that although SPEA K300 fulfills the statistics requirement, it counts as non-College of Arts and Sciences credit hours).
E303 Introduction to Social and Cultural Anthropology (3 cr.) SHSI R: junior standing. Introductory course for more advanced students. Approaches to the study of contemporary cultures: structure, process, and change. Topics include kinship, economy, politics, religion, and worldview. Not open to students who have had E105. Not sequential with A303. E303 does not count toward major.
E385 Applied Anthropology (3 cr.) SHSI Survey of the applications of anthropological theory and method to meet societal needs in the areas of education, health, industry, food production, and rural development.
A399 Honors Tutorial (3 cr.) P: consent of departmental honors advisor. Research and writing, culminating in honors thesis. May be repeated once.
A400 Undergraduate Seminar in Anthropology (3-4 cr.) Seminar in various anthropology topics not covered by other anthropology courses, excluding ethnography and ethnology. May be repeated with a different topic for a maximum of 9 credit hours.
A401 Cultural Resource Management (3 cr.) P: junior standing. The anthropologist in the decision-making process for preservation and conservation of prehistoric and historic sites, structures, artifacts, etc. Legal procedures and anthropological values applicable to land use changes that threaten cultural resources.
A403 Introduction to Museum Studies (3 cr.) Introduction to general principles, goals, and objectives of museum practice. Museum history, administrative organization, physical plant design, restoration, acquisition, exhibit, and educational programs.
A405 Museum Methods (3 cr.) P: A403 or consent of instructor. Methods and techniques of museum design, administration, accessioning, conservation and restoration, acquisition of specimens, curatorial work, exhibition, and education.
A406 Fieldwork in Ethnography and Linguistics (1-4 cr.) Eight weeks of summer fieldwork designed and carried out by the student in consultation with faculty members. May be repeated for a maximum of 8 credit hours.
A408 Museum Practicum (1-4 cr., 8 cr. max.) P: A403, A405, or consent of instructor. Independent work of student's choice in one aspect of the field of museum work. Relevant readings required. May be repeated.
A495 Individual Readings in Anthropology (1-4 cr.) P: consent of instructor. May be taken in successive semesters for credit.
A496 Field Study in Anthropology (3-8 cr.) P: consent of chairperson. Planning of research project during year preceding summer in field. Time spent in research must amount to at least one week for each credit hour granted. Research paper must be presented by end of semester following field study.

Bioanthropology
B200 Bioanthropology (3 cr.) NMNS Bioanthropology of humans, basic biological principles, morphology, function of evolutionary history. Human evolution from lower forms, environmental factors, speciation and differentiation into varieties, mixture, growth, sexual differences, constitutional variability. I Sem.
B301 Laboratory in Bioanthropology (3 cr.) NMNS P or C: B200 or consent of instructor. Laboratory investigations of human skeletal biology, including age and sex determinations, bone pathologies, and forensic identification; human paleontological and primate observations; variability in living populations, including anthropometry, blood grouping, and dermatoglyphics. Emphasis on a biocultural perspective in applying methods and techniques of bioanthropology.
B310 Bioanthropology: A History of Ideas (3 cr.) SHHS P: B200, B301, or permission of instructor. Emergence of modern bioanthropology as an academic discipline, emphasizing the careers of prominent scholars and theoretical contributions they made. Influences of funding institutions and major departments on the directions of research. Relationships to other fields of study.
B350 Issues in Human Origins: Creation and Evolution (3 cr.) A review of the creation/evolution controversy in a seminar setting. Fundamentals of organic evolution covered, especially pertaining to the origin of our species. Additionally, the major arguments as set forth by "scientific creationists" are presented, along with an appraisal of the "balanced treatment" notion that has been proposed for inclusion in public school curricula.
B368 The Evolution of Primate Social Behavior (3 cr.) NMNS Major patterns of social organization in the order Primates, with focus on several important primate species. Examination of Darwinian theories of behavioral evolution. Particular attention paid to the influence of food-getting and diet on social behavior.
B370 Human Variation (3 cr.) NMNS P: sophomore standing. Variation within and between human populations in morphology, gene frequencies, and behavior. Biological concepts of race, race classification along with other taxonomic considerations, and evolutionary processes acting on humans in the past, present, and future.
B400 Undergraduate Seminar (3 cr.) Selected topics in bioanthropology. Analysis of research. Development of skills in analysis and criticism. Topic varies. May be taken for a total of 9 credit hours as long as the topic changes.
B405 Fieldwork in Bioanthropology (cr. arr.) P: consent of instructor. Fieldwork involving the collection and analysis of biological or biosocial data on prehistoric and contemporary human populations. The materials or data may be paleontological, archaeological, physiological, or ecological in nature. One credit hour per full week of fieldwork. SS.
B464 Human Paleontology (3 cr.) P: B200-B301. Human fossils: their structure, classification, evolution, geologic range, and geographical distribution.
B466 The Primates (3 cr.) P: A105, B200-B30l, or consent of instructor. Paleontology, functional morphology, behavior, and natural history of the infrahuman primates. Emphasis on behavioral and ecological correlates of morphology.
B472 Bioanthropology of Aboriginal America (3 cr.) P: B200. Bioanthropological survey of past and present aboriginal inhabitants of North and South America: origins and antiquity, archaeological and ethnic relationships.
B480 Human Growth and Development (3 cr.) P: B200-B301. Characteristics of normal growth and development from birth to maturity, establishment of constitutional qualities, aging. Anthropology of individual considered from standpoint of causal factors, patterns of expression, and methods of assessment.

Social and Cultural Anthropology
E101 Ecology and Society (3 cr.) SHSI The course examines the evolution of human management of resources. Forms of resource use are studied in terms of demographic, social, organizational, and cultural characteristics.
E102 Anthropology of America (3 cr.) R: Freshmen only. Anthropological analysis of American society: marriage, descent, kinship organization, religion, social stratification, and economic basis of social structure.
E110 Indians of Mexico: Ancient and Modern (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA Introduction to the cultures and societies of the pre-Columbian and contemporary Indians of Mexico. Considers their religion, arts, social and political organization, subsistence, and everyday life, including roles of women and men. The relationship of the Indian to the colony and the nation is also examined in terms of opposition and integration.
E200 Social and Cultural Anthropology (3 cr.) SHSI Intermediate survey of theories and problems in social and cultural anthropology. Historical development, methods of inquiry, focal problems, and contemporary theoretical perspectives. I Sem., II Sem.
E306 Hasidic Culture and Oral Tradition (3 cr.) The contemporary Hasidic community is studied in terms of its history, beliefs and values, and unique social system. Factors affecting continuity and change, religious revitalization, and sect development will be considered. Special attention will be given to Hasidic tales, as well as plays, memoirs, and anthropological studies.
E307 Shamanism and Spirit Possession (3 cr.) SHSI An overview of anthropological approaches to two important religious phenomena: shamanism and spirit possession. Topics include how individuals are called to these vocations, whether curing rituals "work," what is the nature of shamanism in the modern world.
E310 Introduction to the Cultures of Africa (3 cr.) AHTI, CSA R: E105 or E200 or E303. Ethnographic survey of culture areas south of the Sahara.
E312 African Religions (3 cr.) AHTI An introduction to the variety of religious beliefs and practices in sub-Saharan Africa. Examines important themes that are common to indigenous religions and looks at the impact of Islam and Christianity. The focus is on how religion is interwoven with social, political, and economic aspects of life and is expressed in myth, ritual, and art.
E320 Indians of North America (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA Ethnographic survey of culture areas from the Arctic to Panama plus cross-cultural analysis of interrelations of culture, geographical environment, and language families.
E321 Peoples of Mexico (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA Surveys modern Indian groups, peasant societies, problems of acculturation, and urbanization in contemporary Mexico.
E322 Peoples of Brazil (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA Cultural traditions in Brazil: Indian, Iberian, and African; evolving regional subcultures. Current issues about Brazilian society.
E327 Native Amazonians and the Environment (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA Study of how native peoples in the Amazon Basin have used the environment from prehistoric times to the present. Examination of archaeological evidence, current pressures from development processes, and indigenous knowledge as the key to balancing conservation and development.
E329 Indians in U.S. in Twentieth Century (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA Position of the Indian as an ethnic minority, including health, education, economy, and political consideration of proposals to change the Indians' status.
E330 Indians of South America (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA The cultural development and contemporary life of aboriginal societies in the lowland and Andean areas of the continent. Ethnic relationships and characteristics of major cultural groups are examined through detailed study of representative tribal units.
E332 Jewish Women: Anthropological Perspectives (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA This course will be devoted to the analysis of women's place in Jewish society and culture. The Jewish woman will be studied through the investigation of images and representations, of gender dimension in kinships and family structures, and of religious roles. Special attention will be given to the evolution of traditional patterns in contemporary society and history.
E334 Jews in Moslem Society (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA This course will investigate ethnicity processes in Moslem society through the case study of Middle Eastern Jewish communities. These minorities will be studied through an analysis of their culture, their social organization and religious practices, and their relationships with their Moslem neighbors.
E335 Ancient Civilizations of Mesoamerica (3 cr.) CSA Historical ethnography of the major pre-Columbian civilizations, especially the Aztec, the Maya, and the Zapotec and Mixtec. Emphasis on the social life, cultural achievements, religion, worldview, and political systems to illustrate the diversity and richness of Amerindian life before the Spanish conquest.
E340 Indians of Mexico and Central America (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA R: E105, E200, E303, or sophomore standing. Ethnographic survey of Indian populations of Mexico and Central America, both past and present. Position of Indians within larger political contexts; options and strategies characterizing these relationships.
E370 Peasant Society and Culture (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA P: junior standing. Examination of the development of peasantries in world perspective. Historical formation, economic function, and sociopolitical role of peasantries in relation to their sociocultural contexts. General worldview, religious outlook, and political ideology of folk societies. Prospects for change in peasant societies.
E371 Modern Jewish Culture and Society (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA Introduction to the methods and theories of social anthropology as applied to Judaism and Jewish identity. Review of the main social anthropological approaches to Jewish ritual and mythology, from evolutionist theory to structural analysis. Analytical reading of ethnographic works on modern Jewish communities and ritual practices.
E372 Racism, Anthropology of Prejudice (3 cr.) SHSI Review of anthropological approaches to racism and prejudice as they are expressed in specific contexts such as the colonial system, multiracial and multiethnic societies, and anti-Semitic social systems.
E380 Urban Anthropology (3 cr.) P: E200. Urban social organization in cross-cultural perspective. Theoretical perspectives on urbanism and urbanization. Problems include kinship and social networks, politico-economic factors, and cultural pluralism. Strategies of anthropological research in urban settings.
E381 Ethnographic Analysis of Family, Work, and Power (3 cr.) SHSI This course teaches ethnographic analysis as a set of intellectual and practical tools students can use to define and answer questions about the implications of economic and social changes in their own lives and the world at large. Students will learn to identify and debate the patterns of loyalty, authority, and conflict established by specific relations in families and workplaces, whether these are described in readings or presented in actual situations.
E382 Memory and Culture (3 cr.) SHSI Remembrance is analyzed as a cultural and social reality. Review of the theoretical literature on collective memory as it unfolds in written, narrative, visual, and audiovisual art; in architecture and monuments; in private and public ritual; in genealogy; and in the social experience of the body.
E387 The Ethnography of Europe (3 cr.) SHSI, CSB Europe is viewed as an idea, an identity, and an historical consciousness. Students explore the meaning of this idea in the contemporary development of social and cultural anthropology, and in such social areas as regionalism and nationalism, ethnic identity, gender and kinship, religion, the city versus the village, and political life. "American culture" is familiar the world over as values, styles, and material goods. Yet American diversity (ethnic, regional, individual) makes "American culture" an elusive subject within the U.S. Thus, the U.S. has long been the focus of ethnographic experimentation and innovation. Seminar explores recent themes, debates, and opportunities for ethnographic discovery in the United States.
E392 Ethnography of the United States (3 cr.) SHSI "American culture" is familiar the world over as values, styles, and material goods. Yet American diversity (ethnic, regional, individual) makes "American culture" an elusive subject within the U.S. Thus, the U.S. has long been the focus of ethnographic experimentation and innovation. Seminar explores recent themes, debates, and opportunities for ethnographic discovery in the United States.
E397 (CEUS U397) Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA General anthropological introduction to social institutions and cultural forms of the Arab countries of North Africa and the Near East, Israel, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan. Topics: ecology, development of Islam and Muslim empires, traditional adaptive strategies, consequences of colonialism, independence and rise of nation-states, impact of modernization, changing conceptions of kinship, ethnicity, gender. Credit given for only one of ANTH E397or CEUS U397.
E398 (CEUS U398) Peoples and Cultures of Central Asia (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA General anthropological introduction to societies and cultures of contemporary Muslim successor states of former Soviet Central Asia, Western China (Xinjiang), and Iran and Afghanistan. Topics: ecology, ethnohistory, traditional subsistence strategies, family, kinship, gender, sociopolitical organization, impact of colonial rule of tsarist and Soviet Russia and China, development of modern nation-states in Iran and Afghanistan, dynamics of current conflicts and future prospects. Credit given for only one of ANTH E398 or CEUS U398.
E400 Undergraduate Seminar (3 cr.) Intensive examination of selected topics in anthropology. Emphasis on analytic investigation and critical discussion. Topics vary. May be taken with a different topic for a maximum of 9 credit hours.
E404 Field Methods in Ethnography (3 cr.) P: junior standing. Introduction to the methods and techniques anthropologists use in ethnographic research. Preparation of a research proposal, interviewing, and the use of the life histories and case studies.
E405 Principles of Social Organization (3 cr.) P: E200. Comparative analysis of the social organization of selected societies from the perspectives of major theoretical positions in social and cultural anthropology.
E417 African Women (3 cr.) SHSI, CSA The remarkably active roles that African women play in their communities bring them respect, but also heavy responsibilities. This course follows the themes of autonomy and control of resources, considering both economic resources such as land, labor, income and cattle, and social resources such as education, religion, and political power.
E420 Economic Anthropology (3 cr.) SHSI R: E105, E200, or E303. Comparative study of technologies and economic systems of selected non-Western peoples.
E425 Ethnozoology: Studies in American Indian Subsistence (3 cr.) Survey of faunal and floral use by late prehistoric and early historic American Indian groups. Entails library research, and writing and presentation of papers.
E427 Cultural Ecology (3 cr.) SHSI Surveys the major environmental studies in anthropology, the basic principles of ecological theory, and human adaptation as manifested in major ecosystems.
E430 Kinship Organization (3 cr.) SHSI P: E200 or graduate standing. A review of the history and theory of kinship analysis in the British and American traditions.
E440 Political Anthropology (3 cr.) P: E105, E200, or E303. Cultural dimensions of politics and political organizations. Emphasis on national and transnational structures, nationalism and ethnonationalist movements, and local-level politics from ethnographic and comparative perspectives.
E445 Medical Anthropology (3 cr.) SHSI A cross-cultural examination of human biocultural adaptation in health and disease including: biocultural epidemiology; ethnomedical systems in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease; and sociocultural change and health.
E451 Myth and Legend: Cultural Meanings and Interpretations (3 cr.) P: junior standing or consent of instructor. Anthropological approaches to the study of myth and legend. Emphasis on analysis of tales in their social context.
E455 Anthropology of Religion (3 cr.) SHSI Critical evaluation of current approaches to the analysis of religious myth, ritual, and symbolism. Problems in understanding religious beliefs of other cultures. Modern development of the anthropology of religion.
E457 Ethnic Identity (3 cr.) SHSI P: E105, E200, E303, or consent of instructor. Nature of ethnic groups and identity viewed in cross-cultural perspective: effects of colonialism and nationalism on ethnic groups; use of identity as an adaptive strategy; stereotypes and stereotyping; symbols and styles of ethnic identity; retention and elaboration of local styles.
E460 The Arts in Anthropology (3 cr.) AHLA An overview of visual art, music, dance, drama, and oral literature, viewed as structural entities, as aspects of human behavior, and in terms of their anthropological context.
E462 Anthropological Folklore (3 cr.) P: junior standing. Function, forms, and interpretations of folklore in traditional societies. Folklore as an expression of continuity and change.
E463 Anthropology of Dance (3 cr.) AHLA Techniques of dance research, bibliographic and archival sources, historical and comparative studies, function and structure of dance, distribution of dance styles, and symbolic aspects of dance performance. A variety of dance forms will be considered in their social and cultural contexts.
E475 Law and Culture (3 cr.) CSA This seminar is an introduction to classic anthropological writing on cultural concepts of law, conflict, and social ordering, concentrating on ethnographic approaches since the 1960s. Focus is cross-cultural, following the emphasis of the works themselves on Africa, native North America, and the contemporary United States. Discussions emphasize the historical context of individual works and critical rereadings from the vantage points offered by contemporary anthropological theory.
E480 Theory of Culture Change (3 cr.) P: E105, E200, or E303, and junior standing. Survey and evaluation of anthropological approaches to theoretical problems of culture change in general. Discussion of processes, patterns, causes, and rates of culture change. Case studies.
E490 Development and Anthropology (3 cr.) P: E420, ECON E103, or consent of instructor. The theory of development; the way anthropology has been employed in development schemes in Melanesia, Southeast Asia, India, Africa, and elsewhere; the practical problem of relating to development bodies such as the Agency for International Development (USAID) and Third World governments; the ethical problem of such relationships.

Anthropological Linguistics
L200 Language and Culture (3 cr.) SHSI An introduction to the study of language and its relations to the rest of culture. I Sem., II Sem.
L310-L311 Elementary Lakota (Sioux) Language I-II (3-3 cr.) Introduction to Lakota (Sioux), an American Indian language spoken on the Northern Plains of the U.S. Course focuses on developing elementary reading and writing skills as well as oral fluency in the Lakota language within the context of Lakota culture.
L312-L313 Intermediate Lakota (Sioux) Language I-II (3-3 cr.) Study of more complex Lakota grammatical structures, with emphasis on development of active reading, writing, and speaking skills.
L318 Navajo Language and Culture (3 cr.) CSA An introduction to the Navajo language and an exploration of it as an integral dimension of Navajo culture. Topics, including Navajo history, kinship, ritual life, beliefs, and literature, will be grounded in the appropriate dimensions of Navajo grammar. In addition, the course provides a case study to review the major issues in the field of language and culture.
L320 American Indian Languages (3 cr.) SHSI An introductory survey of the native languages of the Americas. Topics to be covered include history of the study of American Indian languages, genetic and typological classifications, structures of selected languages, the comparative (historical) study of selected language families, and the interplay between language and culture. The diversity of New World languages will be emphasized.
L400 Topical Seminar in the Ethnography of Communication (3 cr.) Current issues in linguistic anthropology, designed to acquaint the student with readings and points of view not covered in the introductory courses. Topics such as languages of the world, variation in language, problems in linguistic structure, and culture and communication. Topic varies. May be taken for a total of 9 credit hours as long as the topic changes.

Archaeology
P200 Introduction to Prehistoric Archaeology (3 cr.) SHSI World archaeology in framework of major prehistoric cultural innovations. History, techniques, methods, and significance of archaeological research. I Sem., II Sem.
P210 Life in the Stone Age (3 cr.) SHSI Examination of the major developments in the Stone Age, emphasizing technological innovations, changes in subsistence patterns, and geographic and ecological expansions of human populations. The course will consist of two weekly lectures and a laboratory practicum where students will learn to make and use stone tools.
P220 The Rise and Fall of Ancient Civilizations (3 cr.) SHSI Archaeology of the earliest high civilizations of the Old and New Worlds (Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, China, Mesoamerica, and Peru). Both an introductory survey of prehistoric civilizations and an exploration of the nature and development of civilization and the state.
P301 Archaeological Methods and Analyses (3 cr.) P: P200 or consent of instructor. Laboratory analysis of archaeological materials (classification, description, quantification) within a framework of answering specific questions about past human behavior and activities: chronology, subsistence, seasonality, tool functions. Credit not given for both P400 and P301.
P302 Invention and Technology (3 cr.) The evolution of technology is explored from prehistoric times onward. The origins of the major inventions of humankind are traced from their earliest beginnings in the Stone Age up to the Industrial Revolution. Credit not given for both E410 and P302.
P310 Prehistory of Europe and Asia (3 cr.) SHHS Prehistoric cultures of Europe and Asia, from Old Stone Age through Iron Age.
P314 Earlier Prehistory of Africa (3 cr.) SHHS A survey of prehistoric developments on the African continent from 2.5 million years ago to the end of the Stone Age, including topics such as the archaeology of human origins, the emergence of fully human ways of life, and the economic and cultural patterns of prehistoric hunter-gatherers.
P315 Later Prehistory of Africa (3 cr.) SHHS A survey of prehistoric developments on the African continent from about 20,000 years ago to the appearance of written history.
P360 Prehistory of North America (3 cr.) SHHS Introduction to antiquity of the American Indian, principal culture areas, and field methods and techniques incident to recovery of archaeological data and materials. I Sem.
P361 Prehistory of the Midwestern United States (3 cr.) SHHS A survey of prehistoric cultural developments in the midwestern United States from the earliest human occupations until initial European contact, set primarily within a framework of changing ecological adaptations.
P362 Prehistory of the Southeastern United States (3 cr.) A survey of substantive and conceptual contributions of archaeology to the prehistory and protohistory of the Southeast. Course covers periods from the earliest first Americans to Euro-American colonization: circa 10,000 B.C. to A.D. 1600.
P370 Ancient Civilizations of the Andes (3 cr.) CSA Prehistoric cultural development in Andean South America: early hunters and gatherers, the beginning of agriculture, the growth of regional civilizations, and the rise and fall of the Inca Empire.
P371 Prehistory of Lowland South America (3 cr.) CSA A survey of the ecological background of prehistoric lowland South American cultures, their cultural content, their chronology, and the significance of major sites to the development of cultures in South America.
P380 Prehistoric Diet and Nutrition (3 cr.) NMNS How the long-term history of human diet has influenced our genetic, physiological, cultural, and socioeconomic development. Evolutionary and ecological perspectives on modern human diet and nutrition, including survey of modern human and non-human primate diets and the record of prehistoric human diet and methods of dietary reconstruction.
P385 Palaeolithic Technology Laboratory (3 cr.) NMNS P: consent of instructor. Identification, analysis, classification, measurement quantification, and illustration of Palaeolithic artifacts.
P390 Geoarchaeology and Taphonomy (3 cr.) An exploration of the dynamic process of archaeological site formation. Focus on geoarchaeological and taphonomic studies of archaeological materials, site context and environment, and how these approaches help us understand prehistoric lifeways.
P399 Undergraduate Seminar (3 cr.) P: P200 or consent of instructor. Intensive examination of selected topics in archaeology. Development of skills in analysis and criticism. Topic varies. May be taken with a different topic for a maximum of 9 credit hours.
P405 Fieldwork in Archaeology (1-8 cr.) Archaeological work directed toward field techniques: excavation and preservation of materials, surveying, photography, cataloging. One credit hour per full week of fieldwork. SS.
P406 Laboratory Methods in Archaeology (1-6 cr.) P: P405 or consent of instructor. Specialized training in laboratory procedures and analysis of archaeological materials. Major categories of material culture to be studied include lithics, ceramics, faunal and floral remains. Emphasis is on processing, sorting, identifying, and analyzing material recovered from the previous Fieldwork in Archaeology (P405).
P409 Archaeological Ethics (3 cr.) This seminar explores the professional responsibilities of archaeologists by examining timely issues, such as the differences and, sometimes, conflicts between international law and professional ethics, and between archaeologists and others (e.g., Native Americans, antiquities collectors) who affect and are affected by archaeological work. Some background in archaeology is helpful.
P425 Zooarchaeology I: Comparative Osteology (5 cr.) Lecture and laboratory introduction to the preparation, collection, identification, and interpretation of faunal specimens from archaeological sites. Also includes an introduction to forensic identifications and to zooarchaeological literature.
P426 Zooarchaeology II: Problems in Zooarchaeology (5 cr.) A course designed to allow students to obtain additional practice in identification and interpretation of faunal specimens. Includes individual projects in preparation, preservation, and curation of faunal collections, as well as encouraging the preparation of a publication-ready paper.

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